Khan Academy on a Stick : Aromatic compounds

Khan Academy on a Stick

Organic chemistry

Naming Benzene Derivatives Introduction
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Naming Benzene Derivatives Introduction
naming benzene derivatives

Naming benzene derivatives

Would a cyclohexatriene by any other name smell as sweet? In this tutorial, Sal and Jay explain how to name benzene derivatives, the sometimes sweet-smelling cyclic molecules that can be used in the synthesis of explosives and plastics.

Aromatic Compounds and Huckel's Rule
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Aromatic Compounds and Huckel's Rule
Aromatic Stability I
The aromaticity of benzene
aromatic stability II
aromatic stability III
aromatic stability IV
aromatic stability V
Aromatic Heterocycles I
The aromaticity of pyridine and pyrimidine.
Aromatic Heterocycles II
The aromaticity of pyrrole, imidazole, and thiophene.

Aromatic stability

In this tutorial, Sal and Jay explain the concept of aromatic stabilization and show how to determine if a compound or an ion exhibits aromaticity. Knowledge of MO theory is assumed.

Resonance
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Resonance in benzene and the carbonate ion
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution
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Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution
Bromination of Benzene
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Bromination of benzene catalyzed by iron bromide
Friedel Crafts Acylation
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Friedel Crafts Acylation
Friedel Crafts Acylation Addendum
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Friedel Crafts Acylation Addendum

Reactions of benzene

In this tutorial, Sal shows the mechanism of Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution and the reactions of bromination and Friedel-Crafts Acylation.

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Mechanism
The general reaction and mechanism of Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution
Halogenation
The halogenation of benzene
Nitration
Nitration of Benzene to form Nitrobenzene
Sulfonation
Sulfonation of benzene
Friedel-Crafts Alkylation
The mechanism of alkylation
Friedel-Crafts Acylation
The mechanism of acylation

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution

In this tutorial, Jay shows several electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions.

Ortho-Para Directors I
Regiochemistry
Ortho-Para Directors II
Strong Activators
Ortho-Para Directors III
Moderate and weak activation, weak deactivation
Meta Directors I
Regiochemistry
Meta Directors II
Inductive and Resonance effects
Multiple Substituents
The directing effects of substituents on a benzene ring

Directing Effects

In this tutorial, Jay shows you the directing effects of substituents on a benzene ring. Knowledge of Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution reactions is assumed.

Birch Reduction I
The mechanism of the Birch Reduction
Birch Reduction II
The effect of electron-withdrawing and electron-donating groups
Reactions at the Benzylic Position
Free radical bromination, nucleophilic substitution, oxidation
Synthesis of Substituted Benzene Rings I
Synthesis practice problems
Synthesis of Substituted Benzene Rings II
Synthesis practice problems

Other Reactions and Synthesis

In this tutorial, Jay covers a few more reactions of benzene derivatives and also shows how to approach the synthesis of substituted benzene rings.

Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution I
The addition-elimination mechanism
Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution II
The elimination-addition mechanism

Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution

In this tutorial, Jay shows the addition-elimination mechanism and the elimination-addition mechanism.