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Title: Folk-Lore and Legends
       Scotland


Author: Anonymous



Release Date: November 15, 2005  [eBook #17071]

Language: English

Character set encoding: ISO-646-US (US-ASCII)


***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK FOLK-LORE AND LEGENDS***






Transcribed from the 1889 W. W. Gibbings edition by David Price, email
ccx074@coventry.ac.uk





FOLK-LORE AND LEGENDS
SCOTLAND


W. W. GIBBINGS
18 BURY ST., LONDON, W.C.
1889

Contents:

   Prefatory Note
   Canobie Dick and Thomas of Ercildoun.
   Coinnach Oer.
   Elphin Irving.
   The Ghosts of Craig-Aulnaic.
   The Doomed Rider.
   Whippety Stourie.
   The Weird of the Three Arrows.
   The Laird of Balmachie's Wife.
   Michael Scott.
   The Minister and the Fairy.
   The Fisherman and the Merman.
   The Laird O' Co'.
   Ewen of the Little Head.
   Jock and his Mother.
   Saint Columba.
   The Mermaid Wife.
   The Fiddler and the Bogle of Bogandoran.
   Thomas the Rhymer.
   Fairy Friends.
   The Seal-Catcher's Adventure.
   The Fairies of Merlin's Craig.
   Rory Macgillivray.
   The Haunted Ships.
   The Brownie.
   Mauns' Stane.
   "Horse and Hattock."
   Secret Commonwealth.
   The Fairy Boy of Leith.
   The Dracae.
   Lord Tarbat's Relations.
   The Bogle.
   Daoine Shie, or the Men of Peace.
   The Death "Bree."




PREFATORY NOTE


The distinctive features of Scotch Folk-lore are such as might have been
expected from a consideration of the characteristics of Scotch scenery.
The rugged grandeur of the mountain, the solemn influence of the
widespreading moor, the dark face of the deep mountain loch, the babbling
of the little stream, seem all to be reflected in the popular tales and
superstitions.  The acquaintance with nature in a severe, grand, and
somewhat terrible form must necessarily have its effect on the human
mind, and the Scotch mind and character bear the impress of their natural
surroundings.  The fairies, the brownies, the bogles of Scotland are the
same beings as those with whom the Irish have peopled the hills, the
nooks, and the streams of their land, yet how different, how
distinguished from their counterparts, how clothed, as it were, in the
national dress!




CANOBIE DICK AND THOMAS OF ERCILDOUN.


Now it chanced many years since that there lived on the Borders a jolly
rattling horse-cowper, who was remarkable for a reckless and fearless
temper, which made him much admired and a little dreaded amongst his
neighbours.  One moonlight night, as he rode over Bowden Moor, on the
west side of the Eildon Hills, the scene of Thomas the Rhymer's
prophecies, and often mentioned in his history, having a brace of horses
along with him, which he had not been able to dispose of, he met a man of
venerable appearance and singularly antique dress, who, to his great
surprise, asked the price of his horses, and began to chaffer with him on
the subject.  To Canobie Dick, for so shall we call our Border dealer, a
chap was a chap, and he would have sold a horse to the devil himself,
without minding his cloven hoof, and would have probably cheated Old Nick
into the bargain.  The stranger paid the price they agreed on, and all
that puzzled Dick in the transaction was, that the gold which he received
was in unicorns, bonnet-pieces, and other ancient coins, which would have
been invaluable to collectors, but were rather troublesome in modern
currency.  It was gold, however, and therefore Dick contrived to get
better value for the coin than he perhaps gave to his customer.  By the
command of so good a merchant, he brought horses to the same spot more
than once; the purchaser only stipulating that he should always come by
night and alone.  I do not know whether it was from mere curiosity, or
whether some hope of gain mixed with it, but after Dick had sold several
horses in this way, he began to complain that dry bargains were unlucky,
and to hint, that since his chap must live in the neighbourhood, he
ought, in the courtesy of dealing, to treat him to half a mutchkin.

"You may see my dwelling if you will," said the stranger; "but if you
lose courage at what you see there, you will rue it all your life."

Dickon, however, laughed the warning to scorn, and having alighted to
secure his horse, he followed the stranger up a narrow footpath, which
led them up the hills to the singular eminence stuck betwixt the most
southern and the centre peaks, and called, from its resemblance to such
an animal in its form, the Lucken Hare.  At the foot of this eminence,
which is almost as famous for witch-meetings as the neighbouring windmill
of Kippilaw, Dick was somewhat startled to observe that his conductor
entered the hillside by a passage or cavern, of which he himself, though
well acquainted with the spot, had never seen nor heard.

"You may still return," said his guide, looking ominously back upon him;
but Dick scorned to show the white feather, and on they went.  They
entered a very long range of stables; in every stall stood a coal-black
horse; by every horse lay a knight in coal-black armour, with a drawn
sword in his hand; but all were as silent, hoof and limb, as if they had
been cut out of marble.  A great number of torches lent a gloomy lustre
to the hall, which, like those of the Caliph Vathek, was of large
dimensions.  At the upper end, however, they at length arrived, where a
sword and horn lay on an antique table.

"He that shall sound that horn and draw that sword," said the stranger,
who now intimated that he was the famous Thomas of Ercildoun, "shall, if
his heart fail him not, be king over all broad Britain.  So speaks the
tongue that cannot lie.  But all depends on courage, and much on your
taking the sword or horn first."

Dick was much disposed to take the sword, but his bold spirit was quailed
by the supernatural terrors of the hall, and he thought to unsheathe the
sword first might be construed into defiance, and give offence to the
powers of the mountain.  He took the bugle with a trembling hand, and
blew a feeble note, but loud enough to produce a terrible answer.  Thunder
rolled in stunning peals through the immense hall; horses and men started
to life; the steeds snorted, stamped, ground their bits, and tossed their
heads; the warriors sprang to their feet, clashed their armour, and
brandished their swords.  Dick's terror was extreme at seeing the whole
army, which had been so lately silent as the grave, in uproar, and about
to rush on him.  He dropped the horn, and made a feeble attempt to seize
the enchanted sword; but at the same moment a voice pronounced aloud the
mysterious words--

   "Woe to the coward, that ever he was born,
   Who did not draw the sword before he blew the horn!"

At the same time a whirlwind of irresistible fury howled through the long
hall, bore the unfortunate horse-jockey clear out of the mouth of the
cavern, and precipitated him over a steep bank of loose stones, where the
shepherds found him the next morning, with just breath sufficient to tell
his fearful tale, after concluding which he expired.




COINNACH OER.


Coinnach Oer, which means Dun Kenneth, was a celebrated man in his
generation.  He has been called the Isaiah of the North.  The prophecies
of this man are very frequently alluded to and quoted in various parts of
the Highlands; although little is known of the man himself, except in
Ross-shire.  He was a small farmer in Strathpeffer, near Dingwall, and
for many years of his life neither exhibited any talents, nor claimed any
intelligence above his fellows.  The manner in which he obtained the
prophetic gift was told by himself in the following manner:--

As he was one day at work in the hill casting (digging) peats, he heard a
voice which seemed to call to him out of the air.  It commanded him to
dig under a little green knoll which was near, and to gather up the small
white stones which he would discover beneath the turf.  The voice
informed him, at the same time, that while he kept these stones in his
possession, he should be endued with the power of supernatural
foreknowledge.

Kenneth, though greatly alarmed at this aerial conversation, followed the
directions of his invisible instructor, and turning up the turf on the
hillock, in a little time discovered the talismans.  From that day
forward, the mind of Kenneth was illuminated by gleams of unearthly
light; and he made many predictions, of which the credulity of the
people, and the coincidence of accident, often supplied confirmation; and
he certainly became the most notable of the Highland prophets.  The most
remarkable and well known of his vaticinations is the
following:--"Whenever a M'Lean with long hands, a Fraser with a black
spot on his face, a M'Gregor with a black knee, and a club-footed M'Leod
of Raga, shall have existed; whenever there shall have been successively
three M'Donalds of the name of John, and three M'Kinnons of the same
Christian name,--oppressors will appear in the country, and the people
will change their own land for a strange one."  All these personages have
appeared since; and it is the common opinion of the peasantry, that the
consummation of the prophecy was fulfilled, when the exaction of the
exorbitant rents reduced the Highlanders to poverty, and the introduction
of the sheep banished the people to America.

Whatever might have been the gift of Kenneth Oer, he does not appear to
have used it with an extraordinary degree of discretion; and the last
time he exercised it, he was very near paying dear for his divination.

On this occasion he happened to be at some high festival of the M'Kenzies
at Castle Braan.  One of the guests was so exhilarated by the scene of
gaiety, that he could not forbear an eulogium on the gallantry of the
feast, and the nobleness of the guests.  Kenneth, it appears, had no
regard for the M'Kenzies, and was so provoked by this sally in their
praise, that he not only broke out into a severe satire against their
whole race, but gave vent to the prophetic denunciation of wrath and
confusion upon their posterity.  The guests being informed (or having
overheard a part) of this rhapsody, instantly rose up with one accord to
punish the contumely of the prophet.  Kenneth, though he foretold the
fate of others, did not in any manner look into that of himself; for this
reason, being doubtful of debating the propriety of his prediction upon
such unequal terms, he fled with the greatest precipitation.  The
M'Kenzies followed with infinite zeal; and more than one ball had
whistled over the head of the seer before he reached Loch Ousie.  The
consequences of this prediction so disgusted Kenneth with any further
exercise of his prophetic calling, that, in the anguish of his flight, he
solemnly renounced all communication with its power; and, as he ran along
the margin of Loch Ousie, he took out the wonderful pebbles, and cast
them in a fury into the water.  Whether his evil genius had now forsaken
him, or his condition was better than that of his pursuers, is unknown,
but certain it is, Kenneth, after the sacrifice of the pebbles,
outstripped his enraged enemies, and never, so far as I have heard, made
any attempt at prophecy from the hour of his escape.

Kenneth Oer had a son, who was called Ian Dubh Mac Coinnach (Black John,
the son of Kenneth), and lived in the village of Miltoun, near Dingwall.
His chief occupation was brewing whisky; and he was killed in a fray at
Miltoun, early in the present century.  His exit would not have formed
the catastrophe of an epic poem, and appears to have been one of those
events of which his father had no intelligence, for it happened in the
following manner:--

Having fallen into a dispute with a man with whom he had previously been
on friendly terms, they proceeded to blows; in the scuffle, the boy, the
son of Ian's adversary, observing the two combatants locked in a close
and firm gripe of eager contention, and being doubtful of the event, ran
into the house and brought out the iron pot-crook, with which he saluted
the head of the unfortunate Ian so severely, that he not only
relinquished his combat, but departed this life on the ensuing morning.




ELPHIN IRVING.


   THE FAIRIES' CUPBEARER.

   "The lady kilted her kirtle green
      A little aboon her knee,
   The lady snooded her yellow hair
      A little aboon her bree,
   And she's gane to the good greenwood
      As fast as she could hie.

   And first she let the black steed pass,
      And syne she let the brown,
   And then she flew to the milk-white steed,
      And pulled the rider down:
   Syne out then sang the queen o' the fairies,
      Frae midst a bank of broom,
   She that has won him, young Tamlane,
      Has gotten a gallant groom."

   _Old Ballad_.

"The romantic vale of Corriewater, in Annandale, is regarded by the
inhabitants, a pastoral and unmingled people, as the last border refuge
of those beautiful and capricious beings, the fairies.  Many old people
yet living imagine they have had intercourse of good words and good deeds
with the 'good folk'; and continue to tell that in the ancient days the
fairies danced on the hill, and revelled in the glen, and showed
themselves, like the mysterious children of the deity of old, among the
sons and daughters of men.  Their visits to the earth were periods of joy
and mirth to mankind, rather than of sorrow and apprehension.  They
played on musical instruments of wonderful sweetness and variety of note,
spread unexpected feasts, the supernatural flavour of which overpowered
on many occasions the religious scruples of the Presbyterian shepherds,
performed wonderful deeds of horsemanship, and marched in midnight
processions, when the sound of their elfin minstrelsy charmed youths and
maidens into love for their persons and pursuits; and more than one
family of Corriewater have the fame of augmenting the numbers of the
elfin chivalry.  Faces of friends and relatives, long since doomed to the
battle-trench or the deep sea, have been recognised by those who dared to
gaze on the fairy march.  The maid has seen her lost lover, and the
mother her stolen child; and the courage to plan and achieve their
deliverance has been possessed by, at least, one border maiden.  In the
legends of the people of Corrievale, there is a singular mixture of elfin
and human adventure, and the traditional story of the Cupbearer to the
Queen of the Fairies appeals alike to our domestic feelings and
imagination.

"In one of the little green loops or bends on the banks of Corriewater,
mouldered walls, and a few stunted wild plum-trees and vagrant roses,
still point out the site of a cottage and garden.  A well of pure spring-
water leaps out from an old tree-root before the door; and here the
shepherds, shading themselves in summer from the influence of the sun,
tell to their children the wild tale of Elphin Irving and his sister
Phemie; and, singular as the story seems, it has gained full credence
among the people where the scene is laid."

"I ken the tale and the place weel," interrupted an old Scottish woman,
who, from the predominance of scarlet in her apparel, seemed to have been
a follower of the camp,--"I ken them weel, and the tale's as true as a
bullet to its aim and a spark to powder.  O bonnie Corriewater, a
thousand times have I pulled gowans on its banks wi' ane that lies stiff
and stark on a foreign shore in a bloody grave;" and, sobbing audibly,
she drew the remains of a military cloak over her face, and allowed the
story to proceed.

"When Elphin Irving and his sister Phemie were in their sixteenth year,
for tradition says they were twins, their father was drowned in
Corriewater, attempting to save his sheep from a sudden swell, to which
all mountain streams are liable; and their mother, on the day of her
husband's burial, laid down her head on the pillow, from which, on the
seventh day, it was lifted to be dressed for the same grave.  The
inheritance left to the orphans may be briefly described: seventeen acres
of plough and pasture land, seven milk cows, and seven pet sheep (many
old people take delight in odd numbers); and to this may be added seven
bonnet-pieces of Scottish gold, and a broadsword and spear, which their
ancestor had wielded with such strength and courage in the battle of
Dryfe Sands, that the minstrel who sang of that deed of arms ranked him
only second to the Scotts and Johnstones.

"The youth and his sister grew in stature and in beauty.  The brent
bright brow, the clear blue eye, and frank and blithe deportment of the
former gave him some influence among the young women of the valley; while
the latter was no less the admiration of the young men, and at fair and
dance, and at bridal, happy was he who touched but her hand, or received
the benediction of her eye.  Like all other Scottish beauties, she was
the theme of many a song; and while tradition is yet busy with the
singular history of her brother, song has taken all the care that rustic
minstrelsy can of the gentleness of her spirit and the charms of her
person."

"Now I vow," exclaimed a wandering piper, "by mine own honoured
instrument, and by all other instruments that ever yielded music for the
joy and delight of mankind, that there are more bonnie songs made about
fair Phemie Irving than about all other dames of Annandale, and many of
them are both high and bonnie.  A proud lass maun she be if her spirit
hears; and men say the dust lies not insensible of beautiful verse; for
her charms are breathed through a thousand sweet lips, and no further
gone than yestermorn I heard a lass singing on a green hillside what I
shall not readily forget.  If ye like to listen, ye shall judge; and it
will not stay the story long, nor mar it much, for it is short, and about
Phemie Irving."  And, accordingly, he chanted the following rude verses,
not unaccompanied by his honoured instrument, as he called his pipe,
which chimed in with great effect, and gave richness to a voice which
felt better than it could express:--

   FAIR PHEMIE IRVING.

   Gay is thy glen, Corrie,
      With all thy groves flowering;
   Green is thy glen, Corrie,
      When July is showering;
   And sweet is yon wood where
      The small birds are bowering,
   And there dwells the sweet one
      Whom I am adoring.

   Her round neck is whiter
      Than winter when snowing;
   Her meek voice is milder
      Than Ae in its flowing;
   The glad ground yields music
      Where she goes by the river;
   One kind glance would charm me
      For ever and ever.

   The proud and the wealthy
      To Phemie are bowing;
   No looks of love win they
      With sighing or suing;
   Far away maun I stand
      With my rude wooing,
   She's a flow'ret too lovely
      Too bloom for my pu'ing.

   Oh were I yon violet
      On which she is walking;
   Oh were I yon small bird
      To which she is talking;
   Or yon rose in her hand,
      With its ripe ruddy blossom;
   Or some pure gentle thought
      To be blest with her bosom.

This minstrel interruption, while it established Phemie Irving's claim to
grace and to beauty, gave me additional confidence to pursue the story.

"But minstrel skill and true love-tale seemed to want their usual
influence when they sought to win her attention; she was only observed to
pay most respect to those youths who were most beloved by her brother;
and the same hour that brought these twins to the world seemed to have
breathed through them a sweetness and an affection of heart and mind
which nothing could divide.  If, like the virgin queen of the immortal
poet, she walked 'in maiden meditation fancy free,' her brother Elphin
seemed alike untouched with the charms of the fairest virgins in Corrie.
He ploughed his field, he reaped his grain, he leaped, he ran, and
wrestled, and danced, and sang, with more skill and life and grace than
all other youths of the district; but he had no twilight and stolen
interviews; when all other young men had their loves by their side, he
was single, though not unsought, and his joy seemed never perfect save
when his sister was near him.  If he loved to share his time with her,
she loved to share her time with him alone, or with the beasts of the
field, or the birds of the air.  She watched her little flock late, and
she tended it early; not for the sordid love of the fleece, unless it was
to make mantles for her brother, but with the look of one who had joy in
its company.  The very wild creatures, the deer and the hares, seldom
sought to shun her approach, and the bird forsook not its nest, nor
stinted its song, when she drew nigh; such is the confidence which maiden
innocence and beauty inspire.

"It happened one summer, about three years after they became orphans,
that rain had been for a while withheld from the earth, the hillsides
began to parch, the grass in the vales to wither, and the stream of
Corrie was diminished between its banks to the size of an ordinary rill.
The shepherds drove their flocks to moorlands, and marsh and tarn had
their reeds invaded by the scythe to supply the cattle with food.  The
sheep of his sister were Elphin's constant care; he drove them to the
moistest pastures during the day, and he often watched them at midnight,
when flocks, tempted by the sweet dewy grass, are known to browse
eagerly, that he might guard them from the fox, and lead them to the
choicest herbage.  In these nocturnal watchings he sometimes drove his
little flock over the water of Corrie, for the fords were hardly ankle-
deep; or permitted his sheep to cool themselves in the stream, and taste
the grass which grew along the brink.  All this time not a drop of rain
fell, nor did a cloud appear in the sky.

"One evening, during her brother's absence with the flock, Phemie sat at
her cottage-door, listening to the bleatings of the distant folds and the
lessened murmur of the water of Corrie, now scarcely audible beyond its
banks.  Her eyes, weary with watching along the accustomed line of road
for the return of Elphin, were turned on the pool beside her, in which
the stars were glimmering fitful and faint.  As she looked she imagined
the water grew brighter and brighter; a wild illumination presently shone
upon the pool, and leaped from bank to bank, and suddenly changing into a
human form, ascended the margin, and, passing her, glided swiftly into
the cottage.  The visionary form was so like her brother in shape and
air, that, starting up, she flew into the house, with the hope of finding
him in his customary seat.  She found him not, and, impressed with the
terror which a wraith or apparition seldom fails to inspire, she uttered
a shriek so loud and so piercing as to be heard at Johnstone Bank, on the
other side of the vale of Corrie."

An old woman now rose suddenly from her seat in the window-sill, the
living dread of shepherds, for she travelled the country with a brilliant
reputation for witchcraft, and thus she broke in upon the narrative: "I
vow, young man, ye tell us the truth upset and down-thrust.  I heard my
douce grandmother say that on the night when Elphin Irving
disappeared--disappeared I shall call it, for the bairn can but be gone
for a season, to return to us in his own appointed time--she was seated
at the fireside at Johnstone Bank; the laird had laid aside his bonnet to
take the Book, when a shriek mair loud, believe me, than a mere woman's
shriek--and they can shriek loud enough, else they're sair wranged--came
over the water of Corrie, so sharp and shrilling, that the pewter plates
dinneled on the wall; such a shriek, my douce grandmother said, as rang
in her ear till the hour of her death, and she lived till she was aughty-
and-aught, forty full ripe years after the event.  But there is another
matter, which, doubtless, I cannot compel ye to believe: it was the
common rumour that Elphin Irving came not into the world like the other
sinful creatures of the earth, but was one of the kane-bairns of the
fairies, whilk they had to pay to the enemy of man's salvation every
seventh year.  The poor lady-fairy--a mother's aye a mother, be she
elves' flesh or Eve's flesh--hid her elf son beside the christened flesh
in Marion Irving's cradle, and the auld enemy lost his prey for a time.
Now, hasten on with your story, which is not a bodle the waur for me.  The
maiden saw the shape of her brother, fell into a faint, or a trance, and
the neighbours came flocking in--gang on with your tale, young man, and
dinna be affronted because an auld woman helped ye wi 't."

"It is hardly known," I resumed, "how long Phemie Irving continued in a
state of insensibility.  The morning was far advanced, when a
neighbouring maiden found her seated in an old chair, as white as
monumental marble; her hair, about which she had always been solicitous,
loosened from its curls, and hanging disordered over her neck and bosom,
her hands and forehead.  The maiden touched the one, and kissed the
other; they were as cold as snow; and her eyes, wide open, were fixed on
her brother's empty chair, with the intensity of gaze of one who had
witnessed the appearance of a spirit.  She seemed insensible of any one's
presence, and sat fixed and still and motionless.  The maiden, alarmed at
her looks, thus addressed her:--'Phemie, lass, Phemie Irving!  Dear me,
but this be awful!  I have come to tell ye that seven of your pet sheep
have escaped drowning in the water; for Corrie, sae quiet and sae gentle
yestreen, is rolling and dashing frae bank to bank this morning.  Dear
me, woman, dinna let the loss of the world's gear bereave ye of your
senses.  I would rather make ye a present of a dozen mug-ewes of the
Tinwald brood myself; and now I think on 't, if ye'll send over Elphin, I
will help him hame with them in the gloaming myself.  So, Phemie, woman,
be comforted.'

"At the mention of her brother's name she cried out, 'Where is he?  Oh,
where is he?' gazed wildly round, and, shuddering from head to foot, fell
senseless on the floor.  Other inhabitants of the valley, alarmed by the
sudden swell of the river, which had augmented to a torrent, deep and
impassable, now came in to inquire if any loss had been sustained, for
numbers of sheep and teds of hay had been observed floating down about
the dawn of the morning.  They assisted in reclaiming the unhappy maiden
from her swoon; but insensibility was joy compared to the sorrow to which
she awakened.  'They have ta'en him away, they have ta'en him away,' she
chanted, in a tone of delirious pathos; 'him that was whiter and fairer
than the lily on Lyddal Lee.  They have long sought, and they have long
sued, and they had the power to prevail against my prayers at last.  They
have ta'en him away; the flower is plucked from among the weeds, and the
dove is slain amid a flock of ravens.  They came with shout, and they
came with song, and they spread the charm, and they placed the spell, and
the baptised brow has been bowed down to the unbaptised hand.  They have
ta'en him away, they have ta'en him away; he was too lovely, and too
good, and too noble, to bless us with his continuance on earth; for what
are the sons of men compared to him?--the light of the moonbeam to the
morning sun, the glowworm to the eastern star.  They have ta'en him away,
the invisible dwellers of the earth.  I saw them come on him with
shouting and with singing, and they charmed him where he sat, and away
they bore him; and the horse he rode was never shod with iron, nor owned
before the mastery of human hand.  They have ta'en him away over the
water, and over the wood, and over the hill.  I got but ae look of his
bonnie blue ee, but ae; ae look.  But as I have endured what never maiden
endured, so will I undertake what never maiden undertook, I will win him
from them all.  I know the invisible ones of the earth; I have heard
their wild and wondrous music in the wild woods, and there shall a
christened maiden seek him, and achieve his deliverance.'  She paused,
and glancing around a circle of condoling faces, down which the tears
were dropping like rain, said, in a calm and altered but still delirious
tone: 'Why do you weep, Mary Halliday? and why do you weep, John Graeme?
Ye think that Elphin Irving--oh, it's a bonnie, bonnie name, and dear to
many a maiden's heart, as well as mine--ye think he is drowned in Corrie;
and ye will seek in the deep, deep pools for the bonnie, bonnie corse,
that ye may weep over it, as it lies in its last linen, and lay it, amid
weeping and wailing in the dowie kirkyard.  Ye may seek, but ye shall
never find; so leave me to trim up my hair, and prepare my dwelling, and
make myself ready to watch for the hour of his return to upper earth.'
And she resumed her household labours with an alacrity which lessened not
the sorrow of her friends.

"Meanwhile the rumour flew over the vale that Elphin Irving was drowned
in Corriewater.  Matron and maid, old man and young, collected suddenly
along the banks of the river, which now began to subside to its natural
summer limits, and commenced their search; interrupted every now and then
by calling from side to side, and from pool to pool, and by exclamations
of sorrow for this misfortune.  The search was fruitless: five sheep,
pertaining to the flock which he conducted to pasture, were found drowned
in one of the deep eddies; but the river was still too brown, from the
soil of its moorland sources, to enable them to see what its deep
shelves, its pools, and its overhanging and hazelly banks concealed.  They
remitted further search till the stream should become pure; and old man
taking old man aside, began to whisper about the mystery of the youth's
disappearance; old women laid their lips to the ears of their coevals,
and talked of Elphin Irving's fairy parentage, and his having been
dropped by an unearthly hand into a Christian cradle.  The young men and
maids conversed on other themes; they grieved for the loss of the friend
and the lover, and while the former thought that a heart so kind and true
was not left in the vale, the latter thought, as maidens will, on his
handsome person, gentle manners, and merry blue eye, and speculated with
a sigh on the time when they might have hoped a return for their love.
They were soon joined by others who had heard the wild and delirious
language of his sister: the old belief was added to the new assurance,
and both again commented upon by minds full of superstitious feeling, and
hearts full of supernatural fears, till the youths and maidens of
Corrievale held no more love trysts for seven days and nights, lest, like
Elphin Irving, they should be carried away to augment the ranks of the
unchristened chivalry.

"It was curious to listen to the speculations of the peasantry.  'For my
part,' said a youth, 'if I were sure that poor Elphin escaped from that
perilous water, I would not give the fairies a pound of hiplock wool for
their chance of him.  There has not been a fairy seen in the land since
Donald Cargil, the Cameronian, conjured them into the Solway for playing
on their pipes during one of his nocturnal preachings on the hip of the
Burnswark hill.'

"'Preserve me, bairn,' said an old woman, justly exasperated at the
incredulity of her nephew, 'if ye winna believe what I both heard and saw
at the moonlight end of Craigyburnwood on a summer night, rank after rank
of the fairy folk, ye'll at least believe a douce man and a ghostly
professor, even the late minister of Tinwaldkirk.  His only son--I mind
the lad weel, with his long yellow locks and his bonnie blue eyes--when I
was but a gilpie of a lassie, _he_ was stolen away from off the horse at
his father's elbow, as they crossed that false and fearsome water, even
Locherbriggflow, on the night of the Midsummer fair of Dumfries.  Ay, ay,
who can doubt the truth of that?  Have not the godly inhabitants of
Almsfieldtown and Tinwaldkirk seen the sweet youth riding at midnight, in
the midst of the unhallowed troop, to the sound of flute and of dulcimer,
and though meikle they prayed, naebody tried to achieve his deliverance?'

"'I have heard it said by douce folk and sponsible,' interrupted another,
'that every seven years the elves and fairies pay kane, or make an
offering of one of their children, to the grand enemy of salvation, and
that they are permitted to purloin one of the children of men to present
to the fiend--a more acceptable offering, I'll warrant, than one of their
own infernal brood that are Satan's sib allies, and drink a drop of the
deil's blood every May morning.  And touching this lost lad, ye all ken
his mother was a hawk of an uncanny nest, a second cousin of Kate Kimmer,
of Barfloshan, as rank a witch as ever rode on ragwort.  Ay, sirs, what's
bred in the bone is ill to come out of the flesh.'

"On these and similar topics, which a peasantry full of ancient tradition
and enthusiasm and superstition readily associate with the commonest
occurrences of life, the people of Corrievale continued to converse till
the fall of evening, when each, seeking their home, renewed again the
wondrous subject, and illustrated it with all that popular belief and
poetic imagination could so abundantly supply.

"The night which followed this melancholy day was wild with wind and
rain; the river came down broader and deeper than before, and the
lightning, flashing by fits over the green woods of Corrie, showed the
ungovernable and perilous flood sweeping above its banks.  It happened
that a farmer, returning from one of the border fairs, encountered the
full swing of the storm; but mounted on an excellent horse, and mantled
from chin to heel in a good grey plaid, beneath which he had the further
security of a thick greatcoat, he sat dry in his saddle, and proceeded in
the anticipated joy of a subsided tempest and a glowing morning sun.  As
he entered the long grove, or rather remains of the old Galwegian forest,
which lines for some space the banks of the Corriewater, the storm began
to abate, the wind sighed milder and milder among the trees, and here and
there a star, twinkling momentarily through the sudden rack of the
clouds, showed the river raging from bank to brae.  As he shook the
moisture from his clothes, he was not without a wish that the day would
dawn, and that he might be preserved on a road which his imagination
beset with greater perils than the raging river; for his superstitious
feeling let loose upon his path elf and goblin, and the current
traditions of the district supplied very largely to his apprehension the
ready materials of fear.

"Just as he emerged from the wood, where a fine sloping bank, covered
with short greensward, skirts the limit of the forest, his horse made a
full pause, snorted, trembled, and started from side to side, stooped his
head, erected his ears, and seemed to scrutinise every tree and bush.  The
rider, too, it may be imagined, gazed round and round, and peered warily
into every suspicious-looking place.  His dread of a supernatural
visitation was not much allayed when he observed a female shape seated on
the ground at the root of a huge old oak-tree, which stood in the centre
of one of those patches of verdant sward, known by the name of 'fairy
rings,' and avoided by all peasants who wish to prosper.  A long thin
gleam of eastern daylight enabled him to examine accurately the being
who, in this wild place and unusual hour, gave additional terror to this
haunted spot.  She was dressed in white from the neck to the knees; her
arms, long and round and white, were perfectly bare; her head, uncovered,
allowed her long hair to descend in ringlet succeeding ringlet, till the
half of her person was nearly concealed in the fleece.  Amidst the whole,
her hands were constantly busy in shedding aside the tresses which
interposed between her steady and uninterrupted gaze down a line of old
road which wound among the hills to an ancient burial-ground.

"As the traveller continued to gaze, the figure suddenly rose, and,
wringing the rain from her long locks, paced round and round the tree,
chanting in a wild and melancholy manner an equally wild and delirious
song.

   THE FAIRY OAK OF CORRIEWATER.

   The small bird's head is under its wing,
      The deer sleeps on the grass;
   The moon comes out, and the stars shine down,
      The dew gleams like the glass:
   There is no sound in the world so wide,
      Save the sound of the smitten brass,
   With the merry cittern and the pipe
      Of the fairies as they pass.
   But oh! the fire maun burn and burn,
   And the hour is gone, and will never return.

   The green hill cleaves, and forth, with a bound,
      Comes elf and elfin steed;
   The moon dives down in a golden cloud,
      The stars grow dim with dread;
   But a light is running along the earth,
      So of heaven's they have no need:
   O'er moor and moss with a shout they pass,
      And the word is spur and speed--
   But the fire maun burn, and I maun quake,
   And the hour is gone that will never come back.

   And when they came to Craigyburnwood,
      The Queen of the Fairies spoke:
   "Come, bind your steeds to the rushes so green,
      And dance by the haunted oak:
   I found the acorn on Heshbon Hill,
      In the nook of a palmer's poke,
   A thousand years since; here it grows!"
      And they danced till the greenwood shook:
   But oh! the fire, the burning fire,
   The longer it burns, it but blazes the higher.

   "I have won me a youth," the Elf Queen said,
      "The fairest that earth may see;
   This night I have won young Elph Irving
      My cupbearer to be.
   His service lasts but seven sweet years,
      And his wage is a kiss of me."
   And merrily, merrily, laughed the wild elves
      Round Corris's greenwood tree.
   But oh! the fire it glows in my brain,
   And the hour is gone, and comes not again.

   The Queen she has whispered a secret word,
      "Come hither my Elphin sweet,
   And bring that cup of the charmed wine,
      Thy lips and mine to weet."
   But a brown elf shouted a loud, loud shout,
      "Come, leap on your coursers fleet,
   For here comes the smell of some baptised flesh,
      And the sounding of baptised feet."
   But oh! the fire that burns, and maun burn;
   For the time that is gone will never return.

   On a steed as white as the new-milked milk,
      The Elf Queen leaped with a bound,
   And young Elphin a steed like December snow
      'Neath him at the word he found.
   But a maiden came, and her christened arms
      She linked her brother around,
   And called on God, and the steed with a snort
      Sank into the gaping ground.
   But the fire maun burn, and I maun quake,
   And the time that is gone will no more come back.

   And she held her brother, and lo! he grew
      A wild bull waked in ire;
   And she held her brother, and lo! he changed
      To a river roaring higher;
   And she held her brother, and he became
      A flood of the raging fire;
   She shrieked and sank, and the wild elves laughed
      Till the mountain rang and mire.
   But oh! the fire yet burns in my brain,
   And the hour is gone, and comes not again.

   "O maiden, why waxed thy faith so faint,
      Thy spirit so slack and slaw?
   Thy courage kept good till the flame waxed wud,
      Then thy might begun to thaw;
   Had ye kissed him with thy christened lip,
      Ye had wan him frae 'mang us a'.
   Now bless the fire, the elfin fire,
      That made thee faint and fa';
   Now bless the fire, the elfin fire,
   The longer it burns it blazes the higher."

"At the close of this unusual strain, the figure sat down on the grass,
and proceeded to bind up her long and disordered tresses, gazing along
the old and unfrequented road.  'Now God be my helper,' said the
traveller, who happened to be the laird of Johnstone Bank, 'can this be a
trick of the fiend, or can it be bonnie Phemie Irving who chants this
dolorous sang?  Something sad has befallen that makes her seek her seat
in this eerie nook amid the darkness and tempest; through might from
aboon I will go on and see.'  And the horse, feeling something of the
owner's reviving spirit in the application of spur-steel, bore him at
once to the foot of the tree.  The poor delirious maiden uttered a yell
of piercing joy as she beheld him, and, with the swiftness of a creature
winged, linked her arms round the rider's waist, and shrieked till the
woods rang.  'Oh, I have ye now, Elphin, I have ye now,' and she strained
him to her bosom with a convulsive grasp.  'What ails ye, my bonnie
lass?' said the laird of Johnstone Bank, his fears of the supernatural
vanishing when he beheld her sad and bewildered look.  She raised her
eyes at the sound, and seeing a strange face, her arms slipped their
hold, and she dropped with a groan on the ground.

"The morning had now fairly broke; the flocks shook the rain from their
sides, the shepherds hastened to inspect their charges, and a thin blue
smoke began to stream from the cottages of the valley into the
brightening air.  The laird carried Phemie Irving in his arms, till he
observed two shepherds ascending from one of the loops of Corriewater,
bearing the lifeless body of her brother.  They had found him whirling
round and round in one of the numerous eddies, and his hands, clutched
and filled with wool, showed that he had lost his life in attempting to
save the flock of his sister.  A plaid was laid over the body, which,
along with the unhappy maiden in a half-lifeless state, was carried into
a cottage, and laid in that apartment distinguished among the peasantry
by the name of the chamber.  While the peasant's wife was left to take
care of Phemie, old man and matron and maid had collected around the
drowned youth, and each began to relate the circumstances of his death,
when the door suddenly opened, and his sister, advancing to the corpse,
with a look of delirious serenity, broke out into a wild laugh and said:
'Oh, it is wonderful, it's truly wonderful!  That bare and death-cold
body, dragged from the darkest pool of Corrie, with its hands filled with
fine wool, wears the perfect similitude of my own Elphin!  I'll tell
ye--the spiritual dwellers of the earth, the fairyfolk of our evening
tale, have stolen the living body, and fashioned this cold and inanimate
clod to mislead your pursuit.  In common eyes this seems all that Elphin
Irving would be, had he sunk in Corriewater; but so it seems not to me.
Ye have sought the living soul, and ye have found only its garment.  But
oh, if ye had beheld him, as I beheld him to-night, riding among the
elfin troop, the fairest of them all; had you clasped him in your arms,
and wrestled for him with spirits and terrible shapes from the other
world, till your heart quailed and your flesh was subdued, then would ye
yield no credit to the semblance which this cold and apparent flesh bears
to my brother.  But hearken!  On Hallowmass Eve, when the spiritual
people are let loose on earth for a season, I will take my stand in the
burial-ground of Corrie; and when my Elphin and his unchristened troop
come past, with the sound of all their minstrelsy, I will leap on him and
win him, or perish for ever.'

"All gazed aghast on the delirious maiden, and many of her auditors gave
more credence to her distempered speech than to the visible evidence
before them.  As she turned to depart, she looked round, and suddenly
sank upon the body, with tears streaming from her eyes, and sobbed out,
'My brother!  Oh, my brother!'  She was carried out insensible, and again
recovered; but relapsed into her ordinary delirium, in which she
continued till the Hallow Eve after her brother's burial.  She was found
seated in the ancient burial-ground, her back against a broken
gravestone, her locks white with frost-rime, watching with intensity of
look the road to the kirkyard; but the spirit which gave life to the
fairest form of all the maids of Annandale was fled for ever."

Such is the singular story which the peasants know by the name of "Elphin
Irving, the Fairies' Cupbearer"; and the title, in its fullest and most
supernatural sense, still obtains credence among the industrious and
virtuous dames of the romantic vale of Corrie.




THE GHOSTS OF CRAIG-AULNAIC.


Two celebrated ghosts existed, once on a time, in the wilds of
Craig-Aulnaic, a romantic place in the district of Strathdown,
Banffshire.  The one was a male and the other a female.  The male was
called Fhuna Mhoir Ben Baynac, after one of the mountains of Glenavon,
where at one time he resided; and the female was called Clashnichd
Aulnaic, from her having had her abode in Craig-Aulnaic.  But although
the great ghost of Ben Baynac was bound by the common ties of nature and
of honour to protect and cherish his weaker companion, Clashnichd
Aulnaic, yet he often treated her in the most cruel and unfeeling manner.
In the dead of night, when the surrounding hamlets were buried in deep
repose, and when nothing else disturbed the solemn stillness of the
midnight scene, oft would the shrill shrieks of poor Clashnichd burst
upon the slumberer's ears, and awake him to anything but pleasant
reflections.

But of all those who were incommoded by the noisy and unseemly quarrels
of these two ghosts, James Owre or Gray, the tenant of the farm of Balbig
of Delnabo, was the greatest sufferer.  From the proximity of his abode
to their haunts, it was the misfortune of himself and family to be the
nightly audience of Clashnichd's cries and lamentations, which they
considered anything but agreeable entertainment.

One day as James Gray was on his rounds looking after his sheep, he
happened to fall in with Clashnichd, the ghost of Aulnaic, with whom he
entered into a long conversation.  In the course of it he took occasion
to remonstrate with her on the very disagreeable disturbance she caused
himself and family by her wild and unearthly cries--cries which, he said,
few mortals could relish in the dreary hours of midnight.  Poor
Clashnichd, by way of apology for her conduct, gave James Gray a sad
account of her usage, detailing at full length the series of cruelties
committed upon her by Ben Baynac.  From this account, it appeared that
her living with the latter was by no means a matter of choice with
Clashnichd; on the contrary, it seemed that she had, for a long time,
lived apart with much comfort, residing in a snug dwelling, as already
mentioned, in the wilds of Craig-Aulnaic; but Ben Baynac having
unfortunately taken into his head to pay her a visit, took a fancy, not
to herself, but her dwelling, of which, in his own name and authority, he
took immediate possession, and soon after he expelled poor Clashnichd,
with many stripes, from her natural inheritance.  Not satisfied with
invading and depriving her of her just rights, he was in the habit of
following her into her private haunts, not with the view of offering her
any endearments, but for the purpose of inflicting on her person every
torment which his brain could invent.

Such a moving relation could not fail to affect the generous heart of
James Gray, who determined from that moment to risk life and limb in
order to vindicate the rights and avenge the wrongs of poor Clashnichd,
the ghost of Craig-Aulnaic.  He, therefore, took good care to interrogate
his new _protegee_ touching the nature of her oppressor's constitution,
whether he was of that _killable_ species of ghost that could be shot
with a silver sixpence, or if there was any other weapon that could
possibly accomplish his annihilation.  Clashnichd informed him that she
had occasion to know that Ben Baynac was wholly invulnerable to all the
weapons of man, with the exception of a large mole on his left breast,
which was no doubt penetrable by silver or steel; but that, from the
specimens she had of his personal prowess and strength, it were vain for
mere man to attempt to combat him.  Confiding, however, in his expertness
as an archer--for he was allowed to be the best marksman of the age--James
Gray told Clashnichd he did not fear him with all his might,--that _he_
was a man; and desired her, moreover, next time the ghost chose to repeat
his incivilities to her, to apply to him, James Gray, for redress.

It was not long ere he had an opportunity of fulfilling his promises.  Ben
Baynac having one night, in the want of better amusement, entertained
himself by inflicting an inhuman castigation on Clashnichd, she lost no
time in waiting on James Gray, with a full and particular account of it.
She found him smoking his _cutty_, for it was night when she came to him;
but, notwithstanding the inconvenience of the hour, James needed no great
persuasion to induce him to proceed directly along with Clashnichd to
hold a communing with their friend, Ben Baynac, the great ghost.
Clashnichd was stout and sturdy, and understood the knack of travelling
much better than our women do.  She expressed a wish that, for the sake
of expedition, James Gray would suffer her to bear him along, a motion to
which the latter agreed; and a few minutes brought them close to the
scene of Ben Baynac's residence.  As they approached his haunt, he came
forth to meet them, with looks and gestures which did not at all indicate
a cordial welcome.  It was a fine moonlight night, and they could easily
observe his actions.  Poor Clashnichd was now sorely afraid of the great
ghost.  Apprehending instant destruction from his fury, she exclaimed to
James Gray that they would be both dead people, and that immediately,
unless James Gray hit with an arrow the mole which covered Ben Baynac's
heart.  This was not so difficult a task as James had hitherto
apprehended it.  The mole was as large as a common bonnet, and yet nowise
disproportioned to the natural size of the ghost's body, for he certainly
was a great and a mighty ghost.  Ben Baynac cried out to James Gray that
he would soon make eagle's meat of him; and certain it is, such was his
intention, had not the shepherd so effectually stopped him from the
execution of it.  Raising his bow to his eye when within a few yards of
Ben Baynac, he took deliberate aim; the arrow flew--it hit--a yell from
Ben Baynac announced the result.  A hideous howl re-echoed from the
surrounding mountains, responsive to the groans of a thousand ghosts; and
Ben Baynac, like the smoke of a shot, vanished into air.

Clashnichd, the ghost of Aulnaic, now found herself emancipated from the
most abject state of slavery, and restored to freedom and liberty,
through the invincible courage of James Gray.  Overpowered with
gratitude, she fell at his feet, and vowed to devote the whole of her
time and talents towards his service and prosperity.  Meanwhile, being
anxious to have her remaining goods and furniture removed to her former
dwelling, whence she had been so iniquitously expelled by Ben Baynac, the
great ghost, she requested of her new master the use of his horses to
remove them.  James observing on the adjacent hill a flock of deer, and
wishing to have a trial of his new servant's sagacity or expertness, told
her those were his horses--she was welcome to the use of them; desiring
that when she had done with them, she would inclose them in his stable.
Clashnichd then proceeded to make use of the horses, and James Gray
returned home to enjoy his night's rest.

Scarce had he reached his arm-chair, and reclined his cheek on his hand,
to ruminate over the bold adventure of the night, when Clashnichd
entered, with her "breath in her throat," and venting the bitterest
complaints at the unruliness of his horses, which had broken one-half of
her furniture, and caused her more trouble in the stabling of them than
their services were worth.

"Oh! they are stabled, then?" inquired James Gray.  Clashnichd replied in
the affirmative.  "Very well," rejoined James, "they shall be tame enough
to-morrow."

From this specimen of Clashnichd, the ghost of Craig-Aulnaic's
expertness, it will be seen what a valuable acquisition her service
proved to James Gray and his young family.  They were, however, speedily
deprived of her assistance by a most unfortunate accident.  From the
sequel of the story, from which the foregoing is an extract, it appears
that poor Clashnichd was deeply addicted to propensities which at that
time rendered her kin so obnoxious to their human neighbours.  She was
constantly in the habit of visiting her friends much oftener than she was
invited, and, in the course of such visits, was never very scrupulous in
making free with any eatables which fell within the circle of her
observation.

One day, while engaged on a foraging expedition of this description, she
happened to enter the Mill of Delnabo, which was inhabited in those days
by the miller's family.  She found his wife engaged in roasting a large
gridiron of fine savoury fish, the agreeable smell proceeding from which
perhaps occasioned her visit.  With the usual inquiries after the health
of the miller and his family, Clashnichd proceeded with the greatest
familiarity and good-humour to make herself comfortable at their expense.
But the miller's wife, enraged at the loss of her fish, and not relishing
such unwelcome familiarity, punished the unfortunate Clashnichd rather
too severely for her freedom.  It happened that there was at the time a
large caldron of boiling water suspended over the fire, and this caldron
the enraged wife overturned in Clashnichd's bosom!

Scalded beyond recovery, she fled up the wilds of Craig-Aulnaic, uttering
the most melancholy lamentations, nor has she been ever heard of since.




THE DOOMED RIDER.


"The Conan is as bonny a river as we hae in a' the north country.  There's
mony a sweet sunny spot on its banks, an' mony a time an' aft hae I waded
through its shallows, whan a boy, to set my little scautling-line for the
trouts an' the eels, or to gather the big pearl-mussels that lie sae
thick in the fords.  But its bonny wooded banks are places for enjoying
the day in--no for passing the nicht.  I kenna how it is; it's nane o'
your wild streams that wander desolate through a desert country, like the
Aven, or that come rushing down in foam and thunder, ower broken rocks,
like the Foyers, or that wallow in darkness, deep, deep in the bowels o'
the earth, like the fearfu' Auldgraunt; an' yet no ane o' these rivers
has mair or frightfuller stories connected wi' it than the Conan.  Ane
can hardly saunter ower half-a-mile in its course, frae where it leaves
Coutin till where it enters the sea, without passing ower the scene o'
some frightful auld legend o' the kelpie or the waterwraith.  And ane o'
the most frightful looking o' these places is to be found among the woods
of Conan House.  Ye enter a swampy meadow that waves wi' flags an' rushes
like a corn-field in harvest, an' see a hillock covered wi' willows
rising like an island in the midst.  There are thick mirk-woods on ilka
side; the river, dark an' awesome, an' whirling round an' round in mossy
eddies, sweeps away behind it; an' there is an auld burying-ground, wi'
the broken ruins o' an auld Papist kirk, on the tap.  Ane can see amang
the rougher stanes the rose-wrought mullions of an arched window, an' the
trough that ance held the holy water.  About twa hunder years ago--a wee
mair maybe, or a wee less, for ane canna be very sure o' the date o' thae
old stories--the building was entire; an' a spot near it, whar the wood
now grows thickest, was laid out in a corn-field.  The marks o' the
furrows may still be seen amang the trees.

"A party o' Highlanders were busily engaged, ae day in harvest, in
cutting down the corn o' that field; an' just aboot noon, when the sun
shone brightest an' they were busiest in the work, they heard a voice
frae the river exclaim:--'The hour but not the man has come.'  Sure
enough, on looking round, there was the kelpie stan'in' in what they ca'
a fause ford, just fornent the auld kirk.  There is a deep black pool
baith aboon an' below, but i' the ford there's a bonny ripple, that
shows, as ane might think, but little depth o' water; an' just i' the
middle o' that, in a place where a horse might swim, stood the kelpie.
An' it again repeated its words:--'The hour but not the man has come,'
an' then flashing through the water like a drake, it disappeared in the
lower pool.  When the folk stood wondering what the creature might mean,
they saw a man on horseback come spurring down the hill in hot haste,
making straight for the fause ford.  They could then understand her words
at ance; an' four o' the stoutest o' them sprang oot frae amang the corn
to warn him o' his danger, an' keep him back.  An' sae they tauld him
what they had seen an' heard, an' urged him either to turn back an' tak'
anither road, or stay for an hour or sae where he was.  But he just wadna
hear them, for he was baith unbelieving an' in haste, an' wauld hae taen
the ford for a' they could say, hadna the Highlanders, determined on
saving him whether he would or no, gathered round him an' pulled him frae
his horse, an' then, to mak' sure o' him, locked him up in the auld kirk.
Weel, when the hour had gone by--the fatal hour o' the kelpie--they flung
open the door, an' cried to him that he might noo gang on his journey.
Ah! but there was nae answer, though; an' sae they cried a second time,
an' there was nae answer still; an' then they went in, an' found him
lying stiff an' cauld on the floor, wi' his face buried in the water o'
the very stone trough that we may still see amang the ruins.  His hour
had come, an' he had fallen in a fit, as 'twould seem, head-foremost
amang the water o' the trough, where he had been smothered,--an' sae ye
see, the prophecy o' the kelpie availed naething."




WHIPPETY STOURIE.


There was once a gentleman that lived in a very grand house, and he
married a young lady that had been delicately brought up.  In her
husband's house she found everything that was fine--fine tables and
chairs, fine looking-glasses, and fine curtains; but then her husband
expected her to be able to spin twelve hanks o' thread every day, besides
attending to her house; and, to tell the even-down truth, the lady could
not spin a bit.  This made her husband glunchy with her, and, before a
month had passed, she found hersel' very unhappy.

One day the husband gaed away upon a journey, after telling her that he
expected her, before his return, to have not only learned to spin, but to
have spun a hundred hanks o' thread.  Quite downcast, she took a walk
along the hillside, till she cam' to a big flat stane, and there she sat
down and grat.  By and by she heard a strain o' fine sma' music, coming
as it were frae aneath the stane, and, on turning it up, she saw a cave
below, where there were sitting six wee ladies in green gowns, ilk ane o'
them spinning on a little wheel, and singing,

   "Little kens my dame at hame
   That Whippety Stourie is my name."

The lady walked into the cave, and was kindly asked by the wee bodies to
take a chair and sit down, while they still continued their spinning.  She
observed that ilk ane's mouth was thrawn away to ae side, but she didna
venture to speer the reason.  They asked why she looked so unhappy, and
she telt them that it was she was expected by her husband to be a good
spinner, when the plain truth was that she could not spin at all, and
found herself quite unable for it, having been so delicately brought up;
neither was there any need for it, as her husband was a rich man.

"Oh, is that a'?" said the little wifies, speaking out of their cheeks
alike.

"Yes, and is it not a very good a' too?" said the lady, her heart like to
burst wi' distress.

"We could easily quit ye o' that trouble," said the wee women.  "Just ask
us a' to dinner for the day when your husband is to come back.  We'll
then let you see how we'll manage him."

So the lady asked them all to dine with herself and her husband, on the
day when he was to come back.

When the gudeman came hame, he found the house so occupied with
preparations for dinner, that he had nae time to ask his wife about her
thread; and, before ever he had ance spoken to her on the subject, the
company was announced at the hall door.  The six ladies all came in a
coach-and-six, and were as fine as princesses, but still wore their gowns
of green.  The gentleman was very polite, and showed them up the stair
with a pair of wax candles in his hand.  And so they all sat down to
dinner, and conversation went on very pleasantly, till at length the
husband, becoming familiar with them, said--

"Ladies, if it be not an uncivil question, I should like to know how it
happens that all your mouths are turned away to one side?"

"Oh," said ilk ane at ance, "it's with our constant
_spin-spin-spinning_."

"Is that the case?" cried the gentleman; "then, John, Tam, and Dick, fie,
go haste and burn every rock, and reel, and spinning-wheel in the house,
for I'll not have my wife to spoil her bonnie face with
_spin-spin-spinning_."

And so the lady lived happily with her gudeman all the rest of her days.




THE WEIRD OF THE THREE ARROWS.


Sir James Douglas, the companion of Bruce, and well known by his
appellation of the "Black Douglas," was once, during the hottest period
of the exterminating war carried on by him and his colleague Randolph,
against the English, stationed at Linthaughlee, near Jedburgh.  He was
resting, himself and his men after the toils of many days'
fighting-marches through Teviotdale; and, according to his custom, had
walked round the tents, previous to retiring to the unquiet rest of a
soldier's bed.  He stood for a few minutes at the entrance to his tent
contemplating the scene before him, rendered more interesting by a clear
moon, whose silver beams fell, in the silence of a night without a breath
of wind, calmly on the slumbers of mortals destined to mix in the melee
of dreadful war, perhaps on the morrow.  As he stood gazing, irresolute
whether to retire to rest or indulge longer in a train of thought not
very suitable to a warrior who delighted in the spirit-stirring scenes of
his profession, his eye was attracted by the figure of an old woman, who
approached him with a trembling step, leaning on a staff, and holding in
her left hand three English cloth-shaft arrows.

"You are he who is ca'ed the guid Sir James?" said the old woman.

"I am, good woman," replied Sir James.  "Why hast thou wandered from the
sutler's camp?"

"I dinna belang to the camp o' the hoblers," answered the woman.  "I hae
been a residenter in Linthaughlee since the day when King Alexander
passed the door o' my cottage wi' his bonny French bride, wha was
terrified awa' frae Jedburgh by the death's-head whilk appeared to her on
the day o' her marriage.  What I hae suffered sin' that day" (looking at
the arrows in her hand) "lies between me an' heaven."

"Some of your sons have been killed in the wars, I presume?" said Sir
James.

"Ye hae guessed a pairt o' my waes," replied the woman.  "That arrow"
(holding out one of the three) "carries on its point the bluid o' my
first born; that is stained wi' the stream that poured frae the heart o'
my second; and that is red wi' the gore in which my youngest weltered, as
he gae up the life that made me childless.  They were a' shot by English
hands, in different armies, in different battles.  I am an honest woman,
and wish to return to the English what belongs to the English; but that
in the same fashion in which they were sent.  The Black Douglas has the
strongest arm an' the surest ee in auld Scotland; an' wha can execute my
commission better than he?"

"I do not use the bow, good woman," replied Sir James.  "I love the grasp
of the dagger or the battle-axe.  You must apply to some other individual
to return your arrows."

"I canna tak' them hame again," said the woman, laying them down at the
feet of Sir James.  "Ye'll see me again on St. James' E'en."

The old woman departed as she said these words.

Sir James took up the arrows, and placed them in an empty quiver that lay
amongst his baggage.  He retired to rest, but not to sleep.  The figure
of the old woman and her strange request occupied his thoughts, and
produced trains of meditation which ended in nothing but restlessness and
disquietude.  Getting up at daybreak, he met a messenger at the entrance
of his tent, who informed him that Sir Thomas de Richmont, with a force
of ten thousand men, had crossed the Borders, and would pass through a
narrow defile, which he mentioned, where he could be attacked with great
advantage.  Sir James gave instant orders to march to the spot; and, with
that genius for scheming, for which he was so remarkable, commanded his
men to twist together the young birch-trees on either side of the passage
to prevent the escape of the enemy.  This finished, he concealed his
archers in a hollow way, near the gorge of the pass.

The enemy came on; and when their ranks were embarrassed by the
narrowness of the road, and it was impossible for the cavalry to act with
effect, Sir James rushed upon them at the head of his horsemen; and the
archers, suddenly discovering themselves, poured in a flight of arrows on
the confused soldiers, and put the whole army to flight.  In the heat of
the onset, Douglas killed Sir Thomas de Richmont with his dagger.

Not long after this, Edmund de Cailon, a knight of Gascony, and Governor
of Berwick, who had been heard to vaunt that he had sought the famous
Black Knight, but could not find him, was returning to England, loaded
with plunder, the fruit of an inroad on Teviotdale.  Sir James thought it
a pity that a Gascon's vaunt should be heard unpunished in Scotland, and
made long forced marches to satisfy the desire of the foreign knight, by
giving him a sight of the dark countenance he had made a subject of
reproach.  He soon succeeded in gratifying both himself and the Gascon.
Coming up in his terrible manner, he called to Cailon to stop, and,
before he proceeded into England, receive the respects of the Black
Knight he had come to find, but hitherto had not met.  The Gascon's vaunt
was now changed; but shame supplied the place of courage, and he ordered
his men to receive Douglas's attack.  Sir James assiduously sought his
enemy.  He at last succeeded; and a single combat ensued, of a most
desperate character.  But who ever escaped the arm of Douglas when fairly
opposed to him in single conflict?  Cailon was killed; he had met the
Black Knight at last.

"So much," cried Sir James, "for the vaunt of a Gascon!"

Similar in every respect to the fate of Cailon, was that of Sir Ralph
Neville.  He, too, on hearing the great fame of Douglas's prowess, from
some of Gallon's fugitive soldiers, openly boasted that he would fight
with the Scottish Knight, if he would come and show his banner before
Berwick.  Sir James heard the boast and rejoiced in it.  He marched to
that town, and caused his men to ravage the country in front of the
battlements, and burn the villages.  Neville left Berwick with a strong
body of men; and, stationing himself on a high ground, waited till the
rest of the Scots should disperse to plunder; but Douglas called in his
detachment and attacked the knight.  After a desperate conflict, in which
many were slain, Douglas, as was his custom, succeeded in bringing the
leader to a personal encounter, and the skill of the Scottish knight was
again successful.  Neville was slain, and his men utterly discomfited.

Having retired one night to his tent to take some rest after so much pain
and toil, Sir James Douglas was surprised by the reappearance of the old
woman whom he had seen at Linthaughlee.

"This is the feast o' St. James," said she, as she approached him.  "I
said I would see ye again this nicht, an' I'm as guid's my word.  Hae ye
returned the arrows I left wi' ye to the English wha sent them to the
hearts o' my sons?"

"No," replied Sir James.  "I told ye I did not fight with the bow.
Wherefore do ye importune me thus?"

"Give me back the arrows then," said the woman.

Sir James went to bring the quiver in which he had placed them.  On
taking them out, he was surprised to find that they were all broken
through the middle.

"How has this happened?" said he.  "I put these arrows in this quiver
entire, and now they are broken."

"The weird is fulfilled!" cried the old woman, laughing eldrichly, and
clapping her hands.  "That broken shaft cam' frae a soldier o'
Richmont's; that frae ane o' Cailon's, and that frae ane o' Neville's.
They are a' dead, an' I am revenged!"

The old woman then departed, scattering, as she went, the broken
fragments of the arrows on the floor of the tent.




THE LAIRD OF BALMACHIE'S WIFE.


In the olden times, when it was the fashion for gentlemen to wear swords,
the Laird of Balmachie went one day to Dundee, leaving his wife at home
ill in bed.  Riding home in the twilight, he had occasion to leave the
high road, and when crossing between some little romantic knolls, called
the Cur-hills, in the neighbourhood of Carlungy, he encountered a troop
of fairies supporting a kind of litter, upon which some person seemed to
be borne.  Being a man of dauntless courage, and, as he said, impelled by
some internal impulse, he pushed his horse close to the litter, drew his
sword, laid it across the vehicle, and in a firm tone exclaimed--

"In the name of God, release your captive."

The tiny troop immediately disappeared, dropping the litter on the
ground.  The laird dismounted, and found that it contained his own wife,
dressed in her bedclothes.  Wrapping his coat around her, he placed her
on the horse before him, and, having only a short distance to ride,
arrived safely at home.

Placing her in another room, under the care of an attentive friend, he
immediately went to the chamber where he had left his wife in the
morning, and there to all appearance she still lay, very sick of a fever.
She was fretful, discontented, and complained much of having been
neglected in his absence, at all of which the laird affected great
concern, and pretending much sympathy, insisted upon her rising to have
her bed made.  She said that she was unable to rise, but her husband was
peremptory, and having ordered a large wood fire to warm the room, he
lifted the impostor from the bed, and bearing her across the floor as if
to a chair, which had been previously prepared, he threw her on the fire,
from which she bounced like a sky-rocket, and went through the ceiling,
and out at the roof of the house, leaving a hole among the slates.  He
then brought in his own wife, a little recovered from her alarm, who
said, that sometime after sunset, the nurse having left her for the
purpose of preparing a little candle, a multitude of elves came in at the
window, thronging like bees from a hive.  They filled the room, and
having lifted her from the bed carried her through the window, after
which she recollected nothing further, till she saw her husband standing
over her on the Cur-hills, at the back of Carlungy.  The hole in the
roof, by which the female fairy made her escape, was mended, but could
never be kept in repair, as a tempest of wind happened always once a
year, which uncovered that particular spot, without injuring any other
part of the roof.




MICHAEL SCOTT.


In the early part of Michael Scott's life he was in the habit of
emigrating annually to the Scottish metropolis, for the purpose of being
employed in his capacity of mason.  One time as he and two companions
were journeying to the place of their destination for a similar object,
they had occasion to pass over a high hill, the name of which is not
mentioned, but which is supposed to have been one of the Grampians, and
being fatigued with climbing, they sat down to rest themselves.  They had
no sooner done so than they were warned to take to their heels by the
hissing of a large serpent, which they observed revolving itself towards
them with great velocity.  Terrified at the sight, Michael's two
companions fled, while he, on the contrary, resolved to encounter the
reptile.  The appalling monster approached Michael Scott with distended
mouth and forked tongue; and, throwing itself into a coil at his feet,
was raising its head to inflict a mortal sting, when Michael, with one
stroke of his stick, severed its body into three pieces.  Having rejoined
his affrighted comrades, they resumed their journey; and, on arriving at
the next public-house, it being late, and the travellers being weary,
they took up their quarters at it for the night.  In the course of the
night's conversation, reference was naturally made to Michael's recent
exploit with the serpent, when the landlady of the house, who was
remarkable for her "arts," happened to be present.  Her curiosity
appeared much excited by the conversation; and, after making some
inquiries regarding the colour of the serpent, which she was told was
white, she offered any of them that would procure her the middle piece
such a tempting reward, as induced one of the party instantly to go for
it.  The distance was not very great; and on reaching the spot, he found
the middle and tail piece in the place where Michael left them, but the
head piece was gone.

The landlady on receiving the piece, which still vibrated with life,
seemed highly gratified at her acquisition; and, over and above the
promised reward, regaled her lodgers very plentifully with the choicest
dainties in her house.  Fired with curiosity to know the purpose for
which the serpent was intended, the wily Michael Scott was immediately
seized with a severe fit of indisposition, which caused him to prefer the
request that he might be allowed to sleep beside the fire, the warmth of
which, he affirmed, was in the highest degree beneficial to him.

Never suspecting Michael Scott's hypocrisy, and naturally supposing that
a person so severely indisposed would feel very little curiosity about
the contents of any cooking utensils which might lie around the fire, the
landlady allowed his request.  As soon as the other inmates of the house
were retired to bed, the landlady resorted to her darling occupation;
and, in his feigned state of indisposition, Michael had a favourable
opportunity of watching most scrupulously all her actions through the
keyhole of a door leading to the next apartment where she was.  He could
see the rites and ceremonies with which the serpent was put into the
oven, along with many mysterious ingredients.  After which the
unsuspicious landlady placed the dish by the fireside, where lay the
distressed traveller, to stove till the morning.

Once or twice in the course of the night the "wife of the change-house,"
under the pretence of inquiring for her sick lodger, and administering to
him some renovating cordials, the beneficial effects of which he
gratefully acknowledged, took occasion to dip her finger in her saucepan,
upon which the cock, perched on his roost, crowed aloud.  All Michael's
sickness could not prevent him considering very inquisitively the
landlady's cantrips, and particularly the influence of the sauce upon the
crowing of the cock.  Nor could he dissipate some inward desires he felt
to follow her example.  At the same time, he suspected that Satan had a
hand in the pie, yet he thought he would like very much to be at the
bottom of the concern; and thus his reason and his curiosity clashed
against each other for the space of several hours.  At length passion, as
is too often the case, became the conqueror.  Michael, too, dipped his
finger in the sauce, and applied it to the tip of his tongue, and
immediately the cock perched on the _spardan_ announced the circumstance
in a mournful clarion.  Instantly his mind received a new light to which
he was formerly a stranger, and the astonished dupe of a landlady now
found it her interest to admit her sagacious lodger into a knowledge of
the remainder of her secrets.

Endowed with the knowledge of "good and evil," and all the "second
sights" that can be acquired, Michael left his lodgings in the morning,
with the philosopher's stone in his pocket.  By daily perfecting his
supernatural attainments, by new series of discoveries, he became more
than a match for Satan himself.  Having seduced some thousands of Satan's
best workmen into his employment, he trained them up so successfully to
the architective business, and inspired them with such industrious
habits, that he was more than sufficient for all the architectural work
of the empire.  To establish this assertion, we need only refer to some
remains of his workmanship still existing north of the Grampians, some of
them, stupendous bridges built by him in one short night, with no other
visible agents than two or three workmen.

On one occasion work was getting scarce, as might have been naturally
expected, and his workmen, as they were wont, flocked to his doors,
perpetually exclaiming, "Work! work! work!"  Continually annoyed by their
incessant entreaties, he called out to them in derision to go and make a
dry road from Fortrose to Arderseir, over the Moray Firth.  Immediately
their cry ceased, and as Scott supposed it wholly impossible for them to
execute his order, he retired to rest, laughing most heartily at the
chimerical sort of employment he had given to his industrious workmen.
Early in the morning, however, he got up and took a walk at the break of
day down to the shore to divert himself at the fruitless labours of his
zealous workmen.  But on reaching the spot, what was his astonishment to
find the formidable piece of work allotted to them only a few hours
before already nearly finished.  Seeing the great damage the commercial
class of the community would sustain from the operation, he ordered the
workmen to demolish the most part of their work; leaving, however, the
point of Fortrose to show the traveller to this day the wonderful exploit
of Michael Scott's fairies.

On being thus again thrown out of employment, their former clamour was
resumed, nor could Michael Scott, with all his sagacity, devise a plan to
keep them in innocent employment.  He at length discovered one.  "Go,"
says he, "and manufacture me ropes that will carry me to the back of the
moon, of these materials--_miller's-sudds_ and sea-sand."  Michael Scott
here obtained rest from his active operators; for, when other work failed
them, he always despatched them to their rope manufactory.  But though
these agents could never make proper ropes of those materials, their
efforts to that effect are far from being contemptible, for some of their
ropes are seen by the sea-side to this day.

We shall close our notice of Michael Scott by reciting one anecdote of
him in the latter part of his life.

In consequence of a violent quarrel which Michael Scott once had with a
person whom he conceived to have caused him some injury, he resolved, as
the highest punishment he could inflict upon him, to send his adversary
to that evil place designed only for Satan and his black companions.  He
accordingly, by means of his supernatural machinations, sent the poor
unfortunate man thither; and had he been sent by any other means than
those of Michael Scott, he would no doubt have met with a warm reception.
Out of pure spite to Michael, however, when Satan learned who was his
billet-master, he would no more receive him than he would receive the
Wife of Beth; and instead of treating the unfortunate man with the
harshness characteristic of him, he showed him considerable civilities.
Introducing him to his "Ben Taigh," he directed her to show the stranger
any curiosities he might wish to see, hinting very significantly that he
had provided some accommodation for their mutual friend, Michael Scott,
the sight of which might afford him some gratification.  The polite
housekeeper accordingly conducted the stranger through the principal
apartments in the house, where he saw fearful sights.  But the bed of
Michael Scott!--his greatest enemy could not but feel satiated with
revenge at the sight of it.  It was a place too horrid to be described,
filled promiscuously with all the awful brutes imaginable.  Toads and
lions, lizards and leeches, and, amongst the rest, not the least
conspicuous, a large serpent gaping for Michael Scott, with its mouth
wide open.  This last sight having satisfied the stranger's curiosity, he
was led to the outer gate, and came away.  He reached his friends, and,
among other pieces of news touching his travels, he was not backward in
relating the entertainment that awaited his friend Michael Scott, as soon
as he would "stretch his foot" for the other world.  But Michael did not
at all appear disconcerted at his friend's intelligence.  He affirmed
that he would disappoint all his enemies in their expectations--in proof
of which he gave the following signs: "When I am just dead," says he,
"open my breast and extract my heart.  Carry it to some place where the
public may see the result.  You will then transfix it upon a long pole,
and if Satan will have my soul, he will come in the likeness of a black
raven and carry it off; and if my soul will be saved it will be carried
off by a white dove."

His friends faithfully obeyed his instructions.  Having exhibited his
heart in the manner directed, a large black raven was observed to come
from the east with great fleetness, while a white dove came from the west
with equal velocity.  The raven made a furious dash at the heart, missing
which, it was unable to curb its force, till it was considerably past it;
and the dove, reaching the spot at the same time, carried off the heart
amidst the rejoicing and ejaculations of the spectators.




THE MINISTER AND THE FAIRY.


Not long since, a pious clergyman was returning home, after administering
spiritual consolation to a dying member of his flock.  It was late of the
night, and he had to pass through a good deal of _uncanny_ land.  He was,
however, a good and a conscientious minister of the Gospel, and feared
not all the spirits in the country.  On his reaching the end of a lake
which stretched along the roadside for some distance, he was a good deal
surprised at hearing the most melodious strains of music.  Overcome by
pleasure and curiosity, the minister coolly sat down to listen to the
harmonious sounds, and try what new discoveries he could make with regard
to their nature and source.  He had not sat many minutes before he could
distinguish the approach of the music, and also observe a light in the
direction from whence it proceeded gliding across the lake towards him.
Instead of taking to his heels, as any faithless wight would have done,
the pastor fearlessly determined to await the issue of the phenomenon.  As
the light and music drew near, the clergyman could at length distinguish
an object resembling a human being walking on the surface of the water,
attended by a group of diminutive musicians, some of them bearing lights,
and others instruments of music, from which they continued to evoke those
melodious strains which first attracted his attention.  The leader of the
band dismissed his attendants, landed on the beach, and afforded the
minister the amplest opportunities of examining his appearance.  He was a
little primitive-looking grey-headed man, clad in the most grotesque
habit the clergyman had ever seen, and such as led him at once to suspect
his real character.  He walked up to the minister, whom he saluted with
great grace, offering an apology for his intrusion.  The pastor returned
his compliments, and, without further explanation, invited the mysterious
stranger to sit down by his side.  The invitation was complied with, upon
which the minister proposed the following question:--"Who art thou,
stranger, and from whence?"

To this question the fairy, with downcast eye, replied that he was one of
those sometimes called _Doane Shee_, or men of peace, or good men, though
the reverse of this title was a more fit appellation for them.  Originally
angelic in his nature and attributes, and once a sharer of the
indescribable joys of the regions of light, he was seduced by Satan to
join him in his mad conspiracies; and, as a punishment for his
transgression, he was cast down from those regions of bliss, and was now
doomed, along with millions of fellow-sufferers, to wander through seas
and mountains, until the coming of the Great Day.  What their fate would
be then they could not divine, but they apprehended the worst.  "And,"
continued he, turning to the minister, with great anxiety, "the object of
my present intrusion on you is to learn your opinion, as an eminent
divine, as to our final condition on that dreadful day."  Here the
venerable pastor entered upon a long conversation with the fairy,
touching the principles of faith and repentance.  Receiving rather
unsatisfactory answers to his questions, the minister desired the
"sheech" to repeat after him the Paternoster, in attempting to do which,
it was not a little remarkable that he could not repeat the word "art,"
but said "_wert_," in heaven.  Inferring from every circumstance that
their fate was extremely precarious, the minister resolved not to puff
the fairies up with presumptuous, and, perhaps, groundless expectations.
Accordingly, addressing himself to the unhappy fairy, who was all anxiety
to know the nature of his sentiments, the reverend gentleman told him
that he could not take it upon him to give them any hopes of pardon, as
their crime was of so deep a hue as scarcely to admit of it.  On this the
unhappy fairy uttered a shriek of despair, plunged headlong into the
loch, and the minister resumed his course to his home.




THE FISHERMAN AND THE MERMAN.


Of mermen and merwomen many strange stories are told in the Shetland
Isles.  Beneath the depths of the ocean, according to these stories, an
atmosphere exists adapted to the respiratory organs of certain beings,
resembling, in form, the human race, possessed of surpassing beauty, of
limited supernatural powers, and liable to the incident of death.  They
dwell in a wide territory of the globe, far below the region of fishes,
over which the sea, like the cloudy canopy of our sky, loftily rolls, and
they possess habitations constructed of the pearl and coral productions
of the ocean.  Having lungs not adapted to a watery medium, but to the
nature of atmospheric air, it would be impossible for them to pass
through the volume of waters that intervenes between the submarine and
supramarine world, if it were not for the extraordinary power they
inherit of entering the skin of some animal capable of existing in the
sea, which they are enabled to occupy by a sort of demoniacal possession.
One shape they put on, is that of an animal human above the waist, yet
terminating below in the tail and fins of a fish, but the most favourite
form is that of the larger seal or Haaf-fish; for, in possessing an
amphibious nature, they are enabled not only to exist in the ocean, but
to land on some rock, where they frequently lighten themselves of their
sea-dress, resume their proper shape, and with much curiosity examine the
nature of the upper world belonging to the human race.  Unfortunately,
however, each merman or merwoman possesses but one skin, enabling the
individual to ascend the seas, and if, on visiting the abode of man, the
garb be lost, the hapless being must unavoidably become an inhabitant of
the earth.

A story is told of a boat's crew who landed for the purpose of attacking
the seals lying in the hollows of the crags at one of the stacks.  The
men stunned a number of the animals, and while they were in this state
stripped them of their skins, with the fat attached to them.  Leaving the
carcasses on the rock, the crew were about to set off for the shore of
Papa Stour, when such a tremendous swell arose that every one flew
quickly to the boat.  All succeeded in entering it except one man, who
had imprudently lingered behind.  The crew were unwilling to leave a
companion to perish on the skerries, but the surge increased so fast,
that after many unsuccessful attempts to bring the boat close in to the
stack the unfortunate wight was left to his fate.  A stormy night came
on, and the deserted Shetlander saw no prospect before him but that of
perishing from cold and hunger, or of being washed into the sea by the
breakers which threatened to dash over the rocks.  At length, he
perceived many of the seals, who, in their flight had escaped the attack
of the boatmen, approach the skerry, disrobe themselves of their
amphibious hides, and resume the shape of the sons and daughters of the
ocean.  Their first object was to assist in the recovery of their
friends, who having been stunned by clubs, had, while in that state, been
deprived of their skins.  When the flayed animals had regained their
sensibility, they assumed their proper form of mermen or merwomen, and
began to lament in a mournful lay, wildly accompanied by the storm that
was raging around, the loss of their sea-dress, which would prevent them
from again enjoying their native azure atmosphere, and coral mansions
that lay below the deep waters of the Atlantic.  But their chief
lamentation was for Ollavitinus, the son of Gioga, who, having been
stripped of his seal's skin, would be for ever parted from his mates, and
condemned to become an outcast inhabitant of the upper world.  Their song
was at length broken off, by observing one of their enemies viewing, with
shivering limbs and looks of comfortless despair, the wild waves that
dashed over the stack.  Gioga immediately conceived the idea of rendering
subservient to the advantage of the son the perilous situation of the
man.  She addressed him with mildness, proposing to carry him safe on her
back across the sea to Papa Stour, on condition of receiving the seal-
skin of Ollavitinus.  A bargain was struck, and Gioga clad herself in her
amphibious garb; but the Shetlander, alarmed at the sight of the stormy
main that he was to ride through, prudently begged leave of the matron,
for his better preservation, that he might be allowed to cut a few holes
in her shoulders and flanks, in order to procure, between the skin and
the flesh, a better fastening for his hands and feet.  The request being
complied with, the man grasped the neck of the seal, and committing
himself to her care, she landed him safely at Acres Gio in Papa Stour;
from which place he immediately repaired to a skeo at Hamna Voe, where
the skin was deposited, and honourably fulfilled his part of the
contract, by affording Gioga the means whereby her son could again
revisit the ethereal space over which the sea spread its green mantle.




THE LAIRD O' CO'.


In the days of yore, the proprietors of Colzean, in Ayrshire (ancestors
of the Marquis of Ailsa), were known in that country by the title of
Lairds o' Co', a name bestowed on Colzean from some co's (or coves) in
the rock beneath the castle.

One morning, a very little boy, carrying a small wooden can, addressed
the Laird near the castle gate, begging for a little ale for his mother,
who was sick.  The Laird directed him to go to the butler and get his can
filled; so away he went as ordered.  The butler had a barrel of ale on
tap, but about half full, out of which he proceeded to fill the boy's
can; but to his extreme surprise he emptied the cask, and still the
little can was not nearly full.  The butler was unwilling to broach
another barrel, but the little fellow insisted on the fulfilment of the
Laird's order, and a reference was made to the Laird by the butler, who
stated the miraculous capacity of the tiny can, and received instant
orders to fill it if all the ale in the cellar would suffice.  Obedient
to this command, he broached another cask, but had scarcely drawn a drop
when the can was full, and the dwarf departed with expressions of
gratitude.

Some years afterwards the Laird being at the wars in Flanders was taken
prisoner, and for some reason or other (probably as a spy) condemned to
die a felon's death.  The night prior to the day for his execution, being
confined in a dungeon strongly barricaded, the doors suddenly flew open,
and the dwarf reappeared, saying--

   "Laird o' Co',
   Rise an' go."

a summons too welcome to require repetition.

On emerging from prison, the boy caused him to mount on his shoulders,
and in a short time set him down at his own gate, on the very spot where
they had formerly met, saying--

   "Ae gude turn deserves anither--
   Tak' ye that for being sae kin' to my auld mither,"

and vanished.




EWEN OF THE LITTLE HEAD.


About three hundred years ago, Ewen Maclaine of Lochbuy, in the island of
Mull, having been engaged in a quarrel with a neighbouring chief, a day
was fixed for determining the affair by the sword.  Lochbuy, before the
day arrived, consulted a celebrated witch as to the result of the feud.
The witch declared that if Lochbuy's wife should on the morning of that
day give him and his men food unasked, he would be victorious, but if
not, the result would be the reverse.  This was a disheartening response
for the unhappy votary, his wife being a noted shrew.

The fatal morning arrived, and the hour for meeting the enemy approached,
but there appeared no symptoms of refreshment for Lochbuy and his men.  At
length the unfortunate man was compelled to ask his wife to supply them
with food.  She set down before them curds, but without spoons.  When the
husband inquired how they were to eat them, she replied they should
assume the bills of hens.  The men ate the curds, as well as they could,
with their hands; but Lochbuy himself ate none.  After behaving with the
greatest bravery in the bloody conflict which ensued, he fell covered
with wounds, leaving his wife to the execration of the people.  She is
still known in that district under the appellation of Corr-dhu, or the
Black Crane.

But the miseries brought on the luckless Lochbuy by his wife did not end
with his life, for he died fasting, and his ghost is frequently seen to
this day riding the very horse on which he was mounted when he was
killed.  It was a small, but very neat and active pony, dun or
mouse-coloured, to which the Laird was much attached, and on which he had
ridden for many years before his death.  Its appearance is as accurately
described in the island of Mull as any steed is at Newmarket.  The prints
of its shoes are discerned by connoisseurs, and the rattling of its curb
is recognised in the darkest night.  It is not particular with regard to
roads, for it goes up hill and down dale with equal velocity.  Its hard-
fated rider still wears the same green cloak which covered him in his
last battle; and he is particularly distinguished by the small size of
his head, a peculiarity which, we suspect, the learned disciples of
Spurzheim have never yet had the sagacity to discover as indicative of an
extraordinary talent and incomparable perseverance in horsemanship.

It is now above three hundred years since Ewen-a-chin-vig (_Anglice_,
Hugh of the Little Head) fell in the field of honour; but neither the
vigour of the horse nor of the rider is yet diminished.  His mournful
duty has always been to attend the dying moments of every member of his
own tribe, and to escort the departed spirit on its long and arduous
journey.  He has been seen in the remotest of the Hebrides; and he has
found his way to Ireland on these occasions long before steam navigation
was invented.  About a century ago he took a fancy for a young man of his
own race, and frequently did him the honour of placing him behind himself
on horseback.  He entered into conversation with him, and foretold many
circumstances connected with the fate of his successors, which have
undoubtedly since come to pass.

Many a long winter night have I listened to the feats of Ewen-a-chin-vig,
the faithful and indefatigable guardian of his ancient family, in the
hour of their last and greatest trial, affording an example worthy the
imitation of every chief,--perhaps not beneath the notice of Glengarry
himself.

About a dozen years since some symptoms of Ewen's decay gave very general
alarm to his friends.  He accosted one of his own people (indeed he never
has been known to notice any other), and, shaking him cordially by the
hand, he attempted to place him on the saddle behind him, but the
uncourteous dog declined the honour.  Ewen struggled hard, but the clown
was a great, strong, clumsy fellow, and stuck to the earth with all his
might.  He candidly acknowledged, however, that his chief would have
prevailed, had it not been for a birch-tree which stood by, and which he
got within the fold of his left arm.  The contest became very warm
indeed, and the tree was certainly twisted like an osier, as thousands
can testify who saw it as well as myself.  At length, however, Ewen lost
his seat for the first time, and the instant the pony found he was his
own master, he set off with the fleetness of lightning.  Ewen immediately
pursued his steed, and the wearied rustic sped his way homeward.  It was
the general opinion that Ewen found considerable difficulty in catching
the horse; but I am happy to learn that he has been lately seen riding
the old mouse-coloured pony without the least change in either the horse
or the rider.  Long may he continue to do so!

Those who from motives of piety or curiosity have visited the sacred
island of Iona, must remember to have seen the guide point out the tomb
of Ewen, with his figure on horseback, very elegantly sculptured in alto-
relievo, and many of the above facts are on such occasions related.




JOCK AND HIS MOTHER.


Ye see, there was a wife had a son, and they called him Jock; and she
said to him, "You are a lazy fellow; ye maun gang awa' and do something
for to help me."  "Weel," says Jock, "I'll do that."  So awa' he gangs,
and fa's in wi' a packman.  Says the packman, "If you carry my pack a'
day, I'll gie you a needle at night."  So he carried the pack, and got
the needle; and as he was gaun awa' hame to his mither, he cuts a burden
o' brackens, and put the needle into the heart o' them.  Awa' he gaes
hame.  Says his mither, "What hae ye made o' yoursel' the day?"  Says
Jock, "I fell in wi' a packman, and carried his pack a' day, and he gae
me a needle for't, and ye may look for it amang the brackens."  "Hout,"
quo' she, "ye daft gowk, you should hae stuck it into your bonnet, man."
"I'll mind that again," quo' Jock.

Next day he fell in wi' a man carrying plough socks.  "If ye help me to
carry my socks a' day, I'll gie ye ane to yersel' at night."  "I'll do
that," quo' Jock.  Jock carried them a' day, and got a sock, which he
stuck in his bonnet.  On the way hame, Jock was dry, and gaed away to
take a drink out o' the burn; and wi' the weight o' the sock, his bonnet
fell into the river, and gaed out o' sight.  He gaed hame, and his mither
says, "Weel, Jock, what hae you been doing a' day?"  And then he tells
her.  "Hout," quo' she, "you should hae tied the string to it, and
trailed it behind you."  "Weel," quo' Jock, "I'll mind that again."

Awa' he sets, and he fa's in wi' a flesher.  "Weel," says the flesher,
"if ye'll be my servant a' day, I'll gie ye a leg o' mutton at night."
"I'll be that," quo' Jock.  He got a leg o' mutton at night.  He ties a
string to it, and trails it behind him the hale road hame.  "What hae ye
been doing?" said his mither.  He tells her.  "Hout, you fool, ye should
hae carried it on your shouther."  "I'll mind that again," quo' Jock.

Awa' he gaes next day, and meets a horse-dealer.  He says, "If you will
help me wi' my horses a' day, I'll give you ane to yoursel' at night."
"I'll do that," quo' Jock.  So he served him, and got his horse, and he
ties its feet; but as he was not able to carry it on his back, he left it
lying on the roadside.  Hame he comes, and tells his mither.  "Hout, ye
daft gowk, ye'll ne'er turn wise!  Could ye no hae loupen on it, and
ridden it?"  "I'll mind that again," quo' Jock.

Aweel, there was a grand gentleman, wha had a daughter wha was very
subject to melancholy; and her father gae out that whaever should mak'
her laugh would get her in marriage.  So it happened that she was sitting
at the window ae day, musing in her melancholy state, when Jock,
according to the advice o' his mither, cam' flying up on a cow's back,
wi' the tail over his shouther.  And she burst out into a fit o'
laughter.  When they made inquiry wha made her laugh, it was found to be
Jock riding on the cow.  Accordingly, Jock was sent for to get his bride.
Weel, Jock was married to her, and there was a great supper prepared.
Amongst the rest o' the things, there was some honey, which Jock was very
fond o'.  After supper, they all retired, and the auld priest that
married them sat up a' night by the kitchen fireside.  So Jock waukens in
the night-time, and says, "Oh, wad ye gie me some o' yon nice sweet honey
that we got to our supper last night?"  "Oh ay," says his wife, "rise and
gang into the press, and ye'll get a pig fou o 't."  Jock rose, and
thrust his hand into the honey-pig for a nievefu' o 't, and he could not
get it out.  So he cam' awa' wi' the pig in his hand, like a mason's
mell, and says, "Oh, I canna get my hand out."  "Hoot," quo' she, "gang
awa' and break it on the cheek-stane."  By this time, the fire was dark,
and the auld priest was lying snoring wi' his head against the chimney-
piece, wi' a huge white wig on.  Jock gaes awa', and gae him a whack wi'
the honey-pig on the head, thinking it was the cheek-stane, and knocks it
a' in bits.  The auld priest roars out, "Murder!"  Jock tak's doun the
stair as hard as he could bicker, and hides himsel' amang the bees'
skeps.

That night, as luck wad have it, some thieves cam' to steal the bees'
skeps, and in the hurry o' tumbling them into a large grey plaid, they
tumbled Jock in alang wi' them.  So aff they set, wi' Jock and the skeps
on their backs.  On the way, they had to cross the burn where Jock lost
his bonnet.  Ane o' the thieves cries, "Oh, I hae fand a bonnet!" and
Jock, on hearing that, cries out, "Oh, that's mine!"  They thocht they
had got the deil on their backs.  So they let a' fa' in the burn; and
Jock, being tied in the plaid, couldna get out; so he and the bees were
a' drowned thegither.

If a' tales be true, that's nae lee.




SAINT COLUMBA.


Soon after Saint Columba established his residence in Iona, tradition
says that he paid a visit to a great seminary of Druids, then in the
vicinity, at a place called Camusnan Ceul, or Bay of Cells, in the
district of Ardnamurchan.  Several remains of Druidical circles are still
to be seen there, and on that bay and the neighbourhood many places are
still named after their rites and ceremonies; such as _Ardintibert_, the
Mount of Sacrifice, and others.  The fame of the Saint had been for some
time well known to the people, and his intention of instructing them in
the doctrines of Christianity was announced to them.  The ancient
priesthood made every exertion to dissuade the inhabitants from hearing
the powerful eloquence of Columba, and in this they were seconded by the
principal man then in that country, whose name was Donald, a son of
Connal.

The Saint had no sooner made his appearance, however, than he was
surrounded by a vast multitude, anxious to hear so celebrated a preacher;
and after the sermon was ended, many persons expressed a desire to be
baptized, in spite of the remonstrances of the Druids.  Columba had made
choice of an eminence centrally situated for performing worship; but
there was no water near the spot, and the son of Connal threatened with
punishment any who should dare to procure it for his purpose.  The Saint
stood with his back leaning on a rock; after a short prayer, he struck
the rock with his foot, and a stream of water issued forth in great
abundance.  The miracle had a powerful effect on the minds of his
hearers, and many became converts to the new religion.  This fountain is
still distinguished by the name of Columba, and is considered of superior
efficacy in the cure of diseases.  When the Catholic form of worship
prevailed in that country it was greatly resorted to, and old persons yet
remember to have seen offerings left at the fountain in gratitude for
benefits received from the benignant influence of the Saint's blessing on
the water.  At length it is said that a daughter of Donald, the son of
Connal, expressed a wish to be baptized, and the father restrained her by
violence.  He also, with the aid of the Druids, forced Columba to take
refuge in his boat, and the holy man departed for Iona, after warning the
inhospitable Caledonian to prepare for another world, as his life would
soon terminate.

The Saint was at sea during the whole night, which was stormy; and when
approaching the shores of his own sacred island the following morning, a
vast number of ravens were observed flying over the boat, chasing another
of extraordinary large size.  The croaking of the ravens awoke the Saint,
who had been sleeping; and he instantly exclaimed that the son of Connal
had just expired, which was afterwards ascertained to be true.

A very large Christian establishment appears to have been afterwards
formed in the Bay of Cells; and the remains of a chapel, dedicated to
Saint Kiaran, are still to be seen there.  It is the favourite place of
interment among the Catholics of this day.  Indeed, Columba and many of
his successors seem to have adopted the policy of engrafting their
institutions on those which had formerly existed in the country.  Of this
there are innumerable instances, at least we observe the ruins of both
still visible in many places; even in Iona we find the burying-ground of
the Druids known at the present day.  This practice may have had
advantages at the time, but it must have been ultimately productive of
many corruptions; and, in a great measure, accounts for many
superstitious and absurd customs which prevailed among that people to a
very recent period, and which are not yet entirely extinct.  In a very
ancient family in that country two round balls of coarse glass have been
carefully preserved from time immemorial, and to these have been ascribed
many virtues--amongst others, the cure of any extraordinary disease among
cattle.  The balls were immersed in cold water for three days and nights,
and the water was afterwards sprinkled over all the cattle; this was
expected to cure those affected, and to prevent the disease in the rest.
From the names and appearance of these balls, there is no doubt that they
had been symbols used by the Archdruids.

Within a short distance of the Bay of Cells there is a cave very
remarkable in its appearance, and still more so from the purposes to
which it has been appropriated.  Saint Columba, on one of his many
voyages among the Hebrides, was benighted on this rocky coast, and the
mariners were alarmed for their own safety.  The Saint assured them that
neither he nor his crew would ever be drowned.  They unexpectedly
discovered a light at no great distance, and to that they directed their
course.  Columba's boat consisted of a frame of osiers, which was covered
with hides of leather, and it was received into a very narrow creek close
to this cave.  After returning thanks for their escape, the Saint and his
people had great difficulty in climbing up to the cave, which is elevated
considerably above sea.  They at length got sight of the fire which had
first attracted their attention.  Several persons sat around it, and
their appearance was not much calculated to please the holy man.  Their
aspects were fierce, and they had on the fire some flesh roasting over
the coals.  The Saint gave them his benediction; and he was invited to
sit down among them and to share their hurried repast, with which he
gladly complied.  They were freebooters, who lived by plunder and
robbery, and this Columba soon discovered.  He advised them to forsake
that course, and to be converted to his doctrines, to which they all
assented, and in the morning they accompanied the Saint on his voyage
homeward.  This circumstance created a high veneration for the cave among
the disciples and successors of Columba, and that veneration still
continues, in some degree.  In one side of it there was a cleft of the
rock, where lay the water with which the freebooters had been baptized;
and this was afterwards formed by art into a basin, which is supplied
with water by drops from the roof of the cave.  It is alleged never to be
empty or to overflow, and the most salubrious qualities are ascribed to
it.  To obtain the benefit of it, however, the votaries must undergo a
very severe ordeal.  They must be in the cave before daylight; they stand
on the spot where the Saint first landed his boat, and nine waves must
dash over their heads; they must afterwards pass through nine openings in
the walls of the cave; and, lastly, they must swallow nine mouthfuls out
of the holy basin.  After invoking the aid of the Saint, the votaries
within three weeks are either relieved by death or by recovery.  Offerings
are left in a certain place appropriated for that purpose; and these are
sometimes of considerable value, nor are they ever abstracted.  Strangers
are always informed that a young man, who had wantonly taken away some of
these not many years since, broke his leg before he got home, and this
affords the property of the Saint ample protection.




THE MERMAID WIFE.


A story is told of an inhabitant of Unst, who, in walking on the sandy
margin of a voe, saw a number of mermen and mermaids dancing by
moonlight, and several seal-skins strewed beside them on the ground.  At
his approach they immediately fled to secure their garbs, and, taking
upon themselves the form of seals, plunged immediately into the sea.  But
as the Shetlander perceived that one skin lay close to his feet, he
snatched it up, bore it swiftly away, and placed it in concealment.  On
returning to the shore he met the fairest damsel that was ever gazed upon
by mortal eyes, lamenting the robbery, by which she had become an exile
from her submarine friends, and a tenant of the upper world.  Vainly she
implored the restitution of her property; the man had drunk deeply of
love, and was inexorable; but he offered her protection beneath his roof
as his betrothed spouse.  The merlady, perceiving that she must become an
inhabitant of the earth, found that she could not do better than accept
of the offer.  This strange attachment subsisted for many years, and the
couple had several children.  The Shetlander's love for his merwife was
unbounded, but his affection was coldly returned.  The lady would often
steal alone to the desert strand, and, on a signal being given, a large
seal would make his appearance, with whom she would hold, in an unknown
tongue, an anxious conference.  Years had thus glided away, when it
happened that one of the children, in the course of his play, found
concealed beneath a stack of corn a seal's skin; and, delighted with the
prize, he ran with it to his mother.  Her eyes glistened with rapture--she
gazed upon it as her own--as the means by which she could pass through
the ocean that led to her native home.  She burst forth into an ecstasy
of joy, which was only moderated when she beheld her children, whom she
was now about to leave; and, after hastily embracing them, she fled with
all speed towards the sea-side.  The husband immediately returned,
learned the discovery that had taken place, ran to overtake his wife, but
only arrived in time to see her transformation of shape completed--to see
her, in the form of a seal, bound from the ledge of a rock into the sea.
The large animal of the same kind with whom she had held a secret
converse soon appeared, and evidently congratulated her, in the most
tender manner, on her escape.  But before she dived to unknown depths,
she cast a parting glance at the wretched Shetlander, whose despairing
looks excited in her breast a few transient feelings of commiseration.

"Farewell!" said she to him, "and may all good attend you.  I loved you
very well when I resided upon earth, but I always loved my first husband
much better."




THE FIDDLER AND THE BOGLE OF BOGANDORAN.


"Late one night, as my grand-uncle, Lachlan Dhu Macpherson, who was well
known as the best fiddler of his day, was returning home from a ball, at
which he had acted as a musician, he had occasion to pass through the
once-haunted Bog of Torrans.  Now, it happened at that time that the bog
was frequented by a huge bogle or ghost, who was of a most mischievous
disposition, and took particular pleasure in abusing every traveller who
had occasion to pass through the place betwixt the twilight at night and
cock-crowing in the morning.  Suspecting much that he would also come in
for a share of his abuse, my grand-uncle made up his mind, in the course
of his progress, to return the ghost any _civilities_ which he might
think meet to offer him.  On arriving on the spot, he found his
suspicions were too well grounded; for whom did he see but the ghost of
Bogandoran apparently ready waiting him, and seeming by his ghastly grin
not a little overjoyed at the meeting.  Marching up to my grand-uncle,
the bogle clapped a huge club into his hand, and furnishing himself with
one of the same dimensions, he put a spittle in his hand, and
deliberately commenced the combat.  My grand-uncle returned the salute
with equal spirit, and so ably did both parties ply their batons that for
a while the issue of the combat was extremely doubtful.  At length,
however, the fiddler could easily discover that his opponent's vigour was
much in the fagging order.  Picking up renewed courage in consequence, he
plied the ghost with renewed force, and after a stout resistance, in the
course of which both parties were seriously handled, the ghost of
Bogandoran thought it prudent to give up the night.

"At the same time, filled no doubt with great indignation at this signal
defeat, it seems the ghost resolved to re-engage my grand-uncle on some
other occasion, under more favourable circumstances.  Not long after, as
my grand-uncle was returning home quite unattended from another ball in
the Braes of the country, he had just entered the hollow of Auldichoish,
well known for its 'eerie' properties, when, lo! who presented himself to
his view on the adjacent eminence but his old friend of Bogandoran,
advancing as large as the gable of a house, and putting himself in the
most threatening and fighting attitudes.

"Looking at the very dangerous nature of the ground where they had met,
and feeling no anxiety for a second encounter with a combatant of his
weight, in a situation so little desirable, the fiddler would have
willingly deferred the settlement of their differences till a more
convenient season.  He, accordingly, assuming the most submissive aspect
in the world, endeavoured to pass by his champion in peace, but in vain.
Longing, no doubt, to retrieve the disgrace of his late discomfiture, the
bogle instantly seized the fiddler, and attempted with all his might to
pull the latter down the precipice, with the diabolical intention, it is
supposed, of drowning him in the river Avon below.  In this pious design
the bogle was happily frustrated by the intervention of some trees which
grew on the precipice, and to which my unhappy grand-uncle clung with the
zeal of a drowning man.  The enraged ghost, finding it impossible to
extricate him from those friendly trees, and resolving, at all events, to
be revenged upon him, fell upon maltreating the fiddler with his hands
and feet in the most inhuman manner.

"Such gross indignities my worthy grand-uncle was not accustomed to, and
being incensed beyond all measure at the liberties taken by Bogandoran,
he resolved again to try his mettle, whether life or death should be the
consequence.  Having no other weapon wherewith to defend himself but his
_biodag_, which, considering the nature of his opponent's constitution,
he suspected much would be of little avail to him--I say, in the absence
of any other weapon, he sheathed the _biodag_ three times in the ghost of
Bogandoran's body.  And what was the consequence?  Why, to the great
astonishment of my courageous forefather, the ghost fell down cold dead
at his feet, and was never more seen or heard of."




THOMAS THE RHYMER.


Thomas, of Ercildoun, in Lauderdale, called the Rhymer, on account of his
producing a poetical romance on the subject of Tristrem and Yseult, which
is curious as the earliest specimen of English verse known to exist,
flourished in the reign of Alexander III. of Scotland.  Like other men of
talent of the period, Thomas was suspected of magic.  He was also said to
have the gift of prophecy, which was accounted for in the following
peculiar manner, referring entirely to the Elfin superstition.

As Thomas lay on Huntly Bank (a place on the descent of the Eildon Hills,
which raise their triple crest above the celebrated monastery of
Melrose), he saw a lady so extremely beautiful that he imagined she must
be the Virgin Mary herself.  Her appointments, however, were those rather
of an amazon, or goddess of the woods.  Her steed was of the highest
beauty, and at its mane hung thirty silver bells and nine, which were
music to the wind as she paced along.  Her saddle was of "royal bone"
(ivory), laid over with "orfeverie" (goldsmith's work).  Her stirrups,
her dress, all corresponded with her extreme beauty and the magnificence
of her array.  The fair huntress had her bow in hand, and her arrows at
her belt.  She led three greyhounds in a leash, and three raches, or
hounds of scent, followed her closely.

She rejected and disclaimed the homage which Thomas desired to pay her;
so that, passing from one extremity to the other, Thomas became as bold
as he had at first been humble.  The lady warned him he must become her
slave if he wished to prosecute his suit.  Before their interview
terminated, the appearance of the beautiful lady was changed into that of
the most hideous hag in existence.  A witch from the spital or almshouse
would have been a goddess in comparison to the late beautiful huntress.
Hideous as she was, Thomas felt that he had placed himself in the power
of this hag, and when she bade him take leave of the sun, and of the leaf
that grew on the tree, he felt himself under the necessity of obeying
her.  A cavern received them, in which, following his frightful guide, he
for three days travelled in darkness, sometimes hearing the booming of a
distant ocean, sometimes walking through rivers of blood, which crossed
their subterranean path.  At length they emerged into daylight, in a most
beautiful orchard.  Thomas, almost fainting for want of food, stretched
out his hand towards the goodly fruit which hung around him, but was
forbidden by his conductress, who informed him that these were the fatal
apples which were the cause of the fall of man.  He perceived also that
his guide had no sooner entered this mysterious ground and breathed its
magic air than she was revived in beauty, equipage, and splendour, as
fair or fairer than he had first seen her on the mountain.  She then
proceeded to explain to him the character of the country.

"Yonder right-hand path," she says, "conveys the spirits of the blest to
paradise.  Yon downward and well-worn way leads sinful souls to the place
of everlasting punishment.  The third road, by yonder dark brake,
conducts to the milder place of pain, from which prayer and mass may
release offenders.  But see you yet a fourth road, sweeping along the
plain to yonder splendid castle?  Yonder is the road to Elfland, to which
we are now bound.  The lord of the castle is king of the country, and I
am his queen; and when we enter yonder castle, you must observe strict
silence, and answer no question that is asked you, and I will account for
your silence by saying I took your speech when I brought you from middle
earth."

Having thus instructed him, they journeyed on to the castle, and,
entering by the kitchen, found themselves in the midst of such a festive
scene as might become the mansion of a great feudal lord or prince.

Thirty carcasses of deer were lying on the massive kitchen board, under
the hands of numerous cooks, who toiled to cut them up and dress them,
while the gigantic greyhounds which had taken the spoil lay lapping the
blood, and enjoying the sight of the slain game.  They came next to the
royal hall, where the king received his loving consort; knights and
ladies, dancing by threes, occupied the floor of the hall; and Thomas,
the fatigue of his journey from the Eildon Hills forgotten, went forward
and joined in the revelry.  After a period, however, which seemed to him
a very short one, the queen spoke with him apart, and bade him prepare to
return to his own country.

"Now," said the queen, "how long think you that you have been here?"

"Certes, fair lady," answered Thomas, "not above these seven days."

"You are deceived," answered the queen; "you have been seven years in
this castle, and it is full time you were gone.  Know, Thomas, that the
archfiend will come to this castle to-morrow to demand his tribute, and
so handsome a man as you will attract his eye.  For all the world would I
not suffer you to be betrayed to such a fate; therefore up, and let us be
going."

This terrible news reconciled Thomas to his departure from Elfinland; and
the queen was not long in placing him upon Huntly Bank, where the birds
were singing.  She took leave of him, and to ensure his reputation
bestowed on him the tongue which _could not lie_.  Thomas in vain
objected to this inconvenient and involuntary adhesion to veracity, which
would make him, as he thought, unfit for church or for market, for king's
court or for lady's bower.  But all his remonstrances were disregarded by
the lady; and Thomas the Rhymer, whenever the discourse turned on the
future, gained the credit of a prophet whether he would or not, for he
could say nothing but what was sure to come to pass.

Thomas remained several years in his own tower near Ercildoun, and
enjoyed the fame of his predictions, several of which are current among
the country people to this day.  At length, as the prophet was
entertaining the Earl of March in his dwelling, a cry of astonishment
arose in the village, on the appearance of a hart and hind, which left
the forest, and, contrary to their shy nature, came quietly onward,
traversing the village towards the dwelling of Thomas.  The prophet
instantly rose from the board, and acknowledging the prodigy as the
summons of his fate, he accompanied the hart and hind into the forest,
and though occasionally seen by individuals to whom he has chosen to show
himself, he has never again mixed familiarly with mankind.




FAIRY FRIENDS.


It is a good thing to befriend the fairies, as the following stories
show:--

There have been from time immemorial at Hawick, during the two or three
last weeks of the year, markets once a week, for the disposal of sheep
for slaughter, at which the greater number of people, both in the middle
and poorer classes of life, have been accustomed to provide themselves
with their _marts_.  A poor man from Jedburgh who was on his way to
Hawick for the purpose of attending one of these markets, as he was
passing over that side of Rubislaw which is nearest the Teviot, was
suddenly alarmed by a frightful and unaccountable noise.  The sound, as
he supposed, proceeded from an immense number of female voices, but no
objects whence it could come were visible.  Amidst howling and wailing
were mixed shouts of mirth and jollity, but he could gather nothing
articulate except the following words--

"O there's a bairn born, but there's naething to pit on 't."

The occasion of this elfish concert, it seemed, was the birth of a fairy
child, at which the fairies, with the exception of two or three who were
discomposed at having nothing to cover the little innocent with, were
enjoying themselves with that joviality usually characteristic of such an
event.  The astonished rustic finding himself amongst a host of invisible
beings, in a wild moorland place, and far from any human assistance,
should assistance be required, full of the greatest consternation,
immediately on hearing this expression again and again vociferated,
stripped off his plaid, and threw it on the ground.  It was instantly
snatched up by an invisible hand, and the wailings immediately ceased,
but the shouts of mirth were continued with increased vigour.  Being of
opinion that what he had done had satisfied his invisible friends, he
lost no time in making off, and proceeded on his road to Hawick, musing
on his singular adventure.  He purchased a sheep, which turned out a
remarkably good bargain, and returned to Jedburgh.  He had no cause to
regret his generosity in bestowing his plaid on the fairies, for every
day afterwards his wealth multiplied, and he continued till the day of
his death a rich and prosperous man.

* * * * *

About the beginning of harvest, there having been a want of meal for
_shearers_' bread in the farmhouse of Bedrule, a small quantity of barley
(being all that was yet ripe) was cut down, and converted into meal.  Mrs.
Buckham, the farmer's wife, rose early in the morning to bake the bread,
and, while she was engaged in baking, a little woman in green costume
came in, and, with much politeness, asked for a loan of a capful of meal.
Mrs. Buckham thought it prudent to comply with her request.  In a short
time afterwards the woman in green returned with an equal quantity of
meal, which Mrs. Buckham put into the _meal-ark_.  This meal had such a
lasting quality, that from it alone the gudewife of Bedrule baked as much
bread as served her own family and the reapers throughout the harvest,
and when harvest was over it was not exhausted.




THE SEAL-CATCHER'S ADVENTURE.


There was once upon a time a man who lived upon the northern coasts, not
far from "Taigh Jan Crot Callow" (John-o'-Groat's House), and he gained
his livelihood by catching and killing fish, of all sizes and
denominations.  He had a particular liking for the killing of those
wonderful beasts, half dog half fish, called "Roane," or seals, no doubt
because he got a long price for their skins, which are not less curious
than they are valuable.  The truth is, that the most of these animals are
neither dogs nor cods, but downright fairies, as this narration will
show; and, indeed, it is easy for any man to convince himself of the fact
by a simple examination of his _tobacco-spluichdan_, for the dead skins
of those beings are never the same for four-and-twenty hours together.
Sometimes the _spluichdan_ will erect its bristles almost
perpendicularly, while, at other times, it reclines them even down; one
time it resembles a bristly sow, at another time a _sleekit cat_; and
what dead skin, except itself, could perform such cantrips?  Now, it
happened one day, as this notable fisher had returned from the
prosecution of his calling, that he was called upon by a man who seemed a
great stranger, and who said he had been despatched for him by a person
who wished to contract for a quantity of seal-skins, and that the fisher
must accompany him (the stranger) immediately to see the person who
wished to contract for the skins, as it was necessary that he should be
served that evening.  Happy in the prospect of making a good bargain, and
never suspecting any duplicity, he instantly complied.  They both mounted
a steed belonging to the stranger, and took the road with such velocity
that, although the direction of the wind was towards their backs, yet the
fleetness of their movement made it appear as if it had been in their
faces.  On reaching a stupendous precipice which overhung the sea, his
guide told him they had now reached their destination.

"Where is the person you spoke of!" inquired the astonished seal-killer.

"You shall see that presently," replied the guide.  With that they
immediately alighted, and, without allowing the seal-killer much time to
indulge the frightful suspicions that began to pervade his mind, the
stranger seized him with irresistible force, and plunged headlong with
him into the sea.  After sinking down, down, nobody knows how far, they
at length reached a door, which, being open, led them into a range of
apartments, filled with inhabitants--not people, but seals, who could
nevertheless speak and feel like human folk; and how much was the seal-
killer surprised to find that he himself had been unconsciously
transformed into the like image.  If it were not so, he would probably
have died from the want of breath.  The nature of the poor fisher's
thoughts may be more easily conceived than described.  Looking at the
nature of the quarters into which he had landed, all hopes of escape from
them appeared wholly chimerical, whilst the degree of comfort, and length
of life which the barren scene promised him were far from being
flattering.  The "Roane," who all seemed in very low spirits, appeared to
feel for him, and endeavoured to soothe the distress which he evinced by
the amplest assurances of personal safety.  Involved in sad meditation on
his evil fate, he was quickly roused from his stupor by his guide's
producing a huge gully or joctaleg, the object of which he supposed was
to put an end to all his earthly cares.  Forlorn as was his situation,
however, he did not wish to be killed; and, apprehending instant
destruction, he fell down, and earnestly implored for mercy.  The poor
generous animals did not mean him any harm, however much his former
conduct deserved it, and he was accordingly desired to pacify himself,
and cease his cries.

"Did you ever see that knife before?" said the stranger to the fisher.

The latter instantly recognised his own knife, which he had that day
stuck into a seal, and with which it had escaped, and acknowledged it was
formerly his own, for what would be the use of denying it?

"Well," rejoined the guide, "the apparent seal which made away with it is
my father, who has lain dangerously ill ever since, and no means can stay
his fleeting breath without your aid.  I have been obliged to resort to
the artifice I have practised to bring you hither, and I trust that my
filial duty to my father will readily excuse me."

Having said this, he led into another apartment the trembling
seal-killer, who expected every minute to be punished for his own ill-
treatment of the father.  There he found the identical seal with which he
had had the encounter in the morning, suffering most grievously from a
tremendous cut in its hind-quarter.  The seal-killer was then desired,
with his hand, to cicatrise the wound, upon doing which it immediately
healed, and the seal arose from its bed in perfect health.  Upon this the
scene changed from mourning to rejoicing--all was mirth and glee.  Very
different, however, were the feelings of the unfortunate seal-catcher,
who expected no doubt to be metamorphosed into a seal for the remainder
of his life.  However, his late guide accosting him, said--

"Now, sir, you are at liberty to return to your wife and family, to whom
I am about to conduct you; but it is on this express condition, to which
you must bind yourself by a solemn oath, viz. that you will never maim or
kill a seal in all your lifetime hereafter."

To this condition, hard as it was, he joyfully acceded; and the oath
being administered in all due form, he bade his new acquaintance most
heartily and sincerely a long farewell.  Taking hold of his guide, they
issued from the place and swam up, till they regained the surface of the
sea, and, landing at the said stupendous pinnacle, they found their
former steed ready for a second canter.  The guide breathed upon the
fisher, and they became like men.  They mounted their horse, and fleet as
had been their course towards the precipice, their return from it was
doubly swift; and the honest seal-killer was laid down at his own door-
cheek, where his guide made him such a present as would have almost
reconciled him to another similar expedition, such as rendered his loss
of profession, in so far as regarded the seals, a far less intolerable
hardship than he had at first considered it.




THE FAIRIES OF MERLIN'S CRAIG.


Early in the seventeenth century, John Smith, a barn-man at a farm, was
sent by his master to cast divots (turf) on the green immediately behind
Merlin's Craig.  After having laboured for a considerable time, there
came round from the front of the rock a little woman, about eighteen
inches in height, clad in a green gown and red stockings, with long
yellow hair hanging down to her waist, who asked the astonished operator
how he would feel were she to send her husband to _tir_ (uncover) his
house, at the same time commanding him to place every _divot_ he had cast
_in statu quo_.  John obeyed with fear and trembling, and, returning to
his master, told what had happened.  The farmer laughed at his credulity,
and, anxious to cure him of such idle superstition, ordered him to take a
cart and fetch home the _divots_ immediately.

John obeyed, although with much reluctance.  Nothing happened to him in
consequence till that day twelve months, when he left his master's work
at the usual hour in the evening, with a small _stoup_ of milk in his
hand, but he did not reach home, nor was he ever heard of for years (I
have forgotten how many), when, upon the anniversary of that unfortunate
day, John walked into his house at the usual hour, with the milk-stoup in
his hand.

The account that he gave of his captivity was that, on the evening of
that eventful day, returning home from his labour, when passing Merlin's
Craig, he felt himself suddenly taken ill, and sat down to rest a little.
Soon after he fell asleep, and awoke, as he supposed, about midnight,
when there was a troop of male and female fairies dancing round him.  They
insisted upon his joining in the sport, and gave him the finest girl in
the company as a partner.  She took him by the hand; they danced three
times round in a fairy ring, after which he became so happy that he felt
no inclination to leave his new associates.  Their amusements were
protracted till he heard his master's cock crow, when the whole troop
immediately rushed forward to the front of the craig, hurrying him along
with them.  A door opened to receive them, and he continued a prisoner
until the evening on which he returned, when the same woman who had first
appeared to him when casting _divots_ came and told him that the grass
was again green on the roof of her house, which he had _tirred_, and if
he would swear an oath, which she dictated, never to discover what he had
seen in fairyland, he should be at liberty to return to his family.  John
took the oath, and observed it most religiously, although sadly teased
and questioned by his helpmate, particularly about the "bonnie lassie"
with whom he danced on the night of his departure.  He was also observed
to walk a mile out of his way rather than pass Merlin's Craig when the
sun was below the horizon.

On a subsequent occasion the tiny inhabitants of Merlin's Craig surprised
a shepherd when watching his fold at night; he was asleep, and his bonnet
had fallen off and rolled to some little distance.  He was awakened by
the fairies dancing round him in a circle, and was induced to join them;
but recollecting the fate of John Smith, he would not allow his female
companion to take hold of his hands.  In the midst of their gambols they
came close to the hillock where the shepherd's bonnet lay,--he affected
to stumble, fell upon his bonnet, which he immediately seized, clapping
it on his head, when the whole troop instantly vanished.  This exorcism
was produced by the talismanic power of a Catechism containing the Lord's
Prayer and the Apostles' Creed, which the shepherd most fortunately
recollected was deposited in the crown of his bonnet.




RORY MACGILLIVRAY.


Once upon a time a tenant in the neighbourhood of Cairngorm, in
Strathspey, emigrated with his family and cattle to the forest of
Glenavon, which is well known to be inhabited by many fairies as well as
ghosts.  Two of his sons being out late one night in search of some of
their sheep which had strayed, had occasion to pass a fairy turret, or
dwelling, of very large dimensions; and what was their astonishment on
observing streams of the most refulgent light shining forth through
innumerable crevices in the rock--crevices which the sharpest eye in the
country had never seen before.  Curiosity led them towards the turret,
when they were charmed by the most exquisite sounds ever emitted by a
fiddle-string, which, joined to the sportive mirth and glee accompanying
it, reconciled them in a great measure to the scene, although they knew
well enough the inhabitants of the nook were fairies.  Nay, overpowered
by the enchanting jigs played by the fiddler, one of the brothers had
even the hardihood to propose that they should pay the occupants of the
turret a short visit.  To this motion the other brother, fond as he was
of dancing, and animated as he was by the music, would by no means
consent, and he earnestly desired his brother to restrain his curiosity.
But every new jig that was played, and every new reel that was danced,
inspired the adventurous brother with additional ardour, and at length,
completely fascinated by the enchanting revelry, leaving all prudence
behind, at one leap he entered the "Shian."  The poor forlorn brother was
now left in a most uncomfortable situation.  His grief for the loss of a
brother whom he dearly loved suggested to him more than once the
desperate idea of sharing his fate by following his example.  But, on the
other hand, when he coolly considered the possibility of sharing very
different entertainment from that which rang upon his ears, and
remembered, too, the comforts and convenience of his father's fireside,
the idea immediately appeared to him anything but prudent.  After a long
and disagreeable altercation between his affection for his brother and
his regard for himself, he came to the resolution to take a middle
course, that is, to shout in at the window a few remonstrances to his
brother, which, if he did not attend to, let the consequences be upon his
own head.  Accordingly, taking his station at one of the crevices, and
calling upon his brother three several times by name, as use is, he
uttered the most moving pieces of elocution he could think of, imploring
him, as he valued his poor parents' life and blessing, to come forth and
go home with him, Donald Macgillivray, his thrice affectionate and
unhappy brother.  But whether it was the dancer could not hear this
eloquent harangue, or, what is more probable, that he did not choose to
attend to it, certain it is that it proved totally ineffectual to
accomplish its object, and the consequence was that Donald Macgillivray
found it equally his duty and his interest to return home to his family
with the melancholy tale of poor Rory's fate.  All the prescribed
ceremonies calculated to rescue him from the fairy dominion were resorted
to by his mourning relatives without effect, and Rory was supposed lost
for ever, when a "wise man" of the day having learned the circumstance,
discovered to his friends a plan by which they might deliver him at the
end of twelve months from his entry.

"Return," says the _Duin Glichd_ to Donald, "to the place where you lost
your brother a year and a day from the time.  You will insert in your
garment a _Rowan Cross_, which will protect you from the fairies'
interposition.  Enter the turret boldly and resolutely in the name of the
Highest, claim your brother, and, if he does not accompany you
voluntarily, seize him and carry him off by force--none dare interfere
with you."

The experiment appeared to the cautious contemplative brother as one that
was fraught with no ordinary danger, and he would have most willingly
declined the prominent character allotted to him in the performance but
for the importunate entreaty of his friends, who implored him, as he
valued their blessing, not to slight such excellent advice.  Their
entreaties, together with his confidence in the virtues of the _Rowan
Cross_, overcame his scruples, and he at length agreed to put the
experiment in practice, whatever the result might be.

Well, then, the important day arrived, when the father of the two sons
was destined either to recover his lost son, or to lose the only son he
had, and, anxious as the father felt, Donald Macgillivray, the intended
adventurer, felt no less so on the occasion.  The hour of midnight
approached when the drama was to be acted, and Donald Macgillivray,
loaded with all the charms and benedictions in his country, took mournful
leave of his friends, and proceeded to the scene of his intended
enterprise.  On approaching the well-known turret, a repetition of that
mirth and those ravishing sounds, that had been the source of so much
sorrow to himself and family, once more attracted his attention, without
at all creating in his mind any extraordinary feelings of satisfaction.
On the contrary, he abhorred the sounds most heartily, and felt much
greater inclination to recede than to advance.  But what was to be done?
Courage, character, and everything dear to him were at stake, so that to
advance was his only alternative.  In short, he reached the "Shian," and,
after twenty fruitless attempts, he at length entered the place with
trembling footsteps, and amidst the brilliant and jovial scene the not
least gratifying spectacle which presented itself to Donald was his
brother Rory earnestly engaged at the Highland fling on the floor, at
which, as might have been expected, he had greatly improved.  Without
losing much time in satisfying his curiosity by examining the quality of
the company, Donald ran to his brother, repeating, most vehemently, the
words prescribed to him by the "wise man," seized him by the collar, and
insisted on his immediately accompanying him home to his poor afflicted
parents.  Rory assented, provided he would allow him to finish his single
reel, assuring Donald, very earnestly, that he had not been half an hour
in the house.  In vain did the latter assure him that, instead of half an
hour, he had actually remained twelve months.  Nor would he have believed
his overjoyed friends when his brother at length got him home, did not
the calves, now grown into stots, and the new-born babes, now travelling
the house, at length convince him that in his single reel he had danced
for a twelvemonth and a day.




THE HAUNTED SHIPS.


         "Though my mind's not
   Hoodwinked with rustic marvels, I do think
   There are more things in the grove, the air, the flood,
   Yea, and the charnelled earth, than what wise man,
   Who walks so proud as if his form alone
   Filled the wide temple of the universe,
   Will let a frail mind say.  I'd write i' the creed
   O' the sagest head alive, that fearful forms,
   Holy or reprobate, do page men's heels;
   That shapes, too horrid for our gaze, stand o'er
   The murderer's dust, and for revenge glare up,
   Even till the stars weep fire for very pity."

Along the sea of Solway, romantic on the Scottish side, with its
woodland, its bays, its cliffs, and headlands; and interesting on the
English side, with its many beautiful towns with their shadows on the
water, rich pastures, safe harbours, and numerous ships, there still
linger many traditional stories of a maritime nature, most of them
connected with superstitions singularly wild and unusual.  To the curious
these tales afford a rich fund of entertainment, from the many
diversities of the same story; some dry and barren, and stripped of all
the embellishments of poetry; others dressed out in all the riches of a
superstitious belief and haunted imagination.  In this they resemble the
inland traditions of the peasants; but many of the oral treasures of the
Galwegian or the Cumbrian coast have the stamp of the Dane and the
Norseman upon them, and claim but a remote or faint affinity with the
legitimate legends of Caledonia.  Something like a rude prosaic outline
of several of the most noted of the northern ballads, the adventures and
depredations of the old ocean kings, still lends life to the evening
tale; and, among others, the story of the Haunted Ships is still popular
among the maritime peasantry.

One fine harvest evening I went on board the shallop of Richard Faulder,
of Allanbay, and, committing ourselves to the waters, we allowed a gentle
wind from the east to waft us at its pleasure towards the Scottish coast.
We passed the sharp promontory of Siddick, and, skirting the land within
a stonecast, glided along the shore till we came within sight of the
ruined Abbey of Sweetheart.  The green mountain of Criffel ascended
beside us; and the bleat of the flocks from its summit, together with the
winding of the evening horn of the reapers, came softened into something
like music over land and sea.  We pushed our shallop into a deep and
wooded bay, and sat silently looking on the serene beauty of the place.
The moon glimmered in her rising through the tall shafts of the pines of
Caerlaverock; and the sky, with scarce a cloud, showered down on wood and
headland and bay the twinkling beams of a thousand stars, rendering every
object visible.  The tide, too, was coming with that swift and silent
swell observable when the wind is gentle; the woody curves along the land
were filling with the flood, till it touched the green branches of the
drooping trees; while in the centre current the roll and the plunge of a
thousand pellocks told to the experienced fisherman that salmon were
abundant.

As we looked, we saw an old man emerging from a path that wound to the
shore through a grove of doddered hazel; he carried a halve-net on his
back, while behind him came a girl, bearing a small harpoon, with which
the fishers are remarkably dexterous in striking their prey.  The senior
seated himself on a large grey stone, which overlooked the bay, laid
aside his bonnet, and submitted his bosom and neck to the refreshing sea
breeze, and, taking his harpoon from his attendant, sat with the gravity
and composure of a spirit of the flood, with his ministering nymph behind
him.  We pushed our shallop to the shore, and soon stood at their side.

"This is old Mark Macmoran the mariner, with his granddaughter Barbara,"
said Richard Faulder, in a whisper that had something of fear in it; "he
knows every creek and cavern and quicksand in Solway; has seen the
Spectre Hound that haunts the Isle of Man; has heard him bark, and at
every bark has seen a ship sink; and he has seen, too, the Haunted Ships
in full sail; and, if all tales be true, he has sailed in them
himself;--he's an awful person."

Though I perceived in the communication of my friend something of the
superstition of the sailor, I could not help thinking that common rumour
had made a happy choice in singling out old Mark to maintain her
intercourse with the invisible world.  His hair, which seemed to have
refused all intercourse with the comb, hung matted upon his shoulders; a
kind of mantle, or rather blanket, pinned with a wooden skewer round his
neck, fell mid-leg down, concealing all his nether garments as far as a
pair of hose, darned with yarn of all conceivable colours, and a pair of
shoes, patched and repaired till nothing of the original structure
remained, and clasped on his feet with two massy silver buckles.  If the
dress of the old man was rude and sordid, that of his granddaughter was
gay, and even rich.  She wore a bodice of fine wool, wrought round the
bosom with alternate leaf and lily, and a kirtle of the same fabric,
which, almost touching her white and delicate ankle, showed her snowy
feet, so fairy-light and round that they scarcely seemed to touch the
grass where she stood.  Her hair, a natural ornament which woman seeks
much to improve, was of bright glossy brown, and encumbered rather than
adorned with a snood, set thick with marine productions, among which the
small clear pearl found in the Solway was conspicuous.  Nature had not
trusted to a handsome shape and a sylph-like air for young Barbara's
influence over the heart of man, but had bestowed a pair of large bright
blue eyes, swimming in liquid light, so full of love and gentleness and
joy, that all the sailors from Annanwater to far Saint Bees acknowledged
their power, and sang songs about the bonnie lass of Mark Macmoran.  She
stood holding a small gaff-hook of polished steel in her hand, and seemed
not dissatisfied with the glances I bestowed on her from time to time,
and which I held more than requited by a single glance of those eyes
which retained so many capricious hearts in subjection.

The tide, though rapidly augmenting, had not yet filled the bay at our
feet.  The moon now streamed fairly over the tops of Caerlaverock pines,
and showed the expanse of ocean dimpling and swelling, on which sloops
and shallops came dancing, and displaying at every turn their extent of
white sail against the beam of the moon.  I looked on old Mark the
mariner, who, seated motionless on his grey stone, kept his eye fixed on
the increasing waters with a look of seriousness and sorrow, in which I
saw little of the calculating spirit of a mere fisherman.  Though he
looked on the coming tide, his eyes seemed to dwell particularly on the
black and decayed hulls of two vessels, which, half immersed in the
quicksand, still addressed to every heart a tale of shipwreck and
desolation.  The tide wheeled and foamed around them, and, creeping inch
by inch up the side, at last fairly threw its waters over the top, and a
long and hollow eddy showed the resistance which the liquid element
received.

The moment they were fairly buried in the water, the old man clasped his
hands together, and said: "Blessed be the tide that will break over and
bury ye for ever!  Sad to mariners, and sorrowful to maids and mothers,
has the time been you have choked up this deep and bonnie bay.  For evil
were you sent, and for evil have you continued.  Every season finds from
you its song of sorrow and wail, its funeral processions, and its
shrouded corses.  Woe to the land where the wood grew that made ye!
Cursed be the axe that hewed ye on the mountains, the hands that joined
ye together, the bay that ye first swam in, and the wind that wafted ye
here!  Seven times have ye put my life in peril, three fair sons have ye
swept from my side, and two bonnie grand-bairns; and now, even now, your
waters foam and flash for my destruction, did I venture my infirm limbs
in quest of food in your deadly bay.  I see by that ripple and that foam,
and hear by the sound and singing of your surge, that ye yearn for
another victim; but it shall not be me nor mine."

Even as the old mariner addressed himself to the wrecked ships, a young
man appeared at the southern extremity of the bay, holding his halve-net
in his hand, and hastening into the current.  Mark rose and shouted, and
waved him back from a place which, to a person unacquainted with the
dangers of the bay, real and superstitious, seemed sufficiently perilous;
his granddaughter, too, added her voice to his, and waved her white
hands; but the more they strove, the faster advanced the peasant, till he
stood to his middle in the water, while the tide increased every moment
in depth and strength.  "Andrew, Andrew," cried the young woman, in a
voice quavering with emotion, "turn, turn, I tell you!  O the Ships, the
Haunted Ships!"  But the appearance of a fine run of fish had more
influence with the peasant than the voice of bonnie Barbara, and forward
he dashed, net in hand.  In a moment he was borne off his feet, and
mingled like foam with the water, and hurried towards the fatal eddies
which whirled and roared round the sunken ships.  But he was a powerful
young man, and an expert swimmer; he seized on one of the projecting ribs
of the nearest hulk, and clinging to it with the grasp of despair,
uttered yell after yell, sustaining himself against the prodigious rush
of the current.

From a shealing of turf and straw, within the pitch of a bar from the
spot where we stood, came out an old woman bent with age, and leaning on
a crutch.  "I heard the voice of that lad Andrew Lammie; can the chield
be drowning that he skirls sae uncannily?" said the old woman, seating
herself on the ground, and looking earnestly at the water.  "Ou, ay," she
continued, "he's doomed, he's doomed; heart and hand can never save him;
boats, ropes, and man's strength and wit, all vain! vain!--he's doomed,
he's doomed!"

By this time I had thrown myself into the shallop, followed reluctantly
by Richard Faulder, over whose courage and kindness of heart superstition
had great power, and with one push from the shore, and some exertion in
sculling, we came within a quoitcast of the unfortunate fisherman.  He
stayed not to profit by our aid; for, when he perceived us near, he
uttered a piercing shriek of joy, and bounded towards us through the
agitated element the full length of an oar.  I saw him for a second on
the surface of the water, but the eddying current sucked him down; and
all I ever beheld of him again was his hand held above the flood, and
clutching in agony at some imaginary aid.  I sat gazing in horror on the
vacant sea before us; but a breathing-time before, a human being, full of
youth and strength and hope, was there; his cries were still ringing in
my ears, and echoing in the woods; and now nothing was seen or heard save
the turbulent expanse of water, and the sound of its chafing on the
shores.  We pushed back our shallop, and resumed our station on the cliff
beside the old mariner and his descendant.

"Wherefore sought ye to peril your own lives fruitlessly," said Mark, "in
attempting to save the doomed?  Whoso touches those infernal ships never
survives to tell the tale.  Woe to the man who is found nigh them at
midnight when the tide has subsided, and they arise in their former
beauty, with forecastle, and deck, and sail, and pennon, and shroud!  Then
is seen the streaming of lights along the water from their cabin windows,
and then is heard the sound of mirth and the clamour of tongues, and the
infernal whoop and halloo and song, ringing far and wide.  Woe to the man
who comes nigh them!"

To all this my Allanbay companion listened with a breathless attention.  I
felt something touched with a superstition to which I partly believed I
had seen one victim offered up; and I inquired of the old mariner, "How
and when came these Haunted Ships there?  To me they seem but the
melancholy relics of some unhappy voyagers, and much more likely to warn
people to shun destruction than entice and delude them to it."

"And so," said the old man with a smile, which had more of sorrow in it
than of mirth; "and so, young man, these black and shattered hulks seem
to the eye of the multitude.  But things are not what they seem: that
water, a kind and convenient servant to the wants of man, which seems so
smooth and so dimpling and so gentle, has swallowed up a human soul even
now; and the place which it covers, so fair and so level, is a faithless
quicksand, out of which none escape.  Things are otherwise than they
seem.  Had you lived as long as I have had the sorrow to live; had you
seen the storms, and braved the perils, and endured the distresses which
have befallen me; had you sat gazing out on the dreary ocean at midnight
on a haunted coast; had you seen comrade after comrade, brother after
brother, and son after son, swept away by the merciless ocean from your
very side; had you seen the shapes of friends, doomed to the wave and the
quicksand, appearing to you in the dreams and visions of the night, then
would your mind have been prepared for crediting the maritime legends of
mariners; and the two haunted Danish ships would have had their terrors
for you, as they have for all who sojourn on this coast.

"Of the time and the cause of their destruction," continued the old man,
"I know nothing certain; they have stood as you have seen them for
uncounted time; and while all other ships wrecked on this unhappy coast
have gone to pieces, and rotted and sunk away in a few years, these two
haunted hulks have neither sunk in the quicksand, nor has a single spar
or board been displaced.  Maritime legend says that two ships of Denmark
having had permission, for a time, to work deeds of darkness and dolor on
the deep, were at last condemned to the whirlpool and the sunken rock,
and were wrecked in this bonnie bay, as a sign to seamen to be gentle and
devout.  The night when they were lost was a harvest evening of uncommon
mildness and beauty: the sun had newly set; the moon came brighter and
brighter out; and the reapers, laying their sickles at the root of the
standing corn, stood on rock and bank, looking at the increasing
magnitude of the waters, for sea and land were visible from Saint Bees to
Barnhourie.  The sails of two vessels were soon seen bent for the
Scottish coast; and, with a speed outrunning the swiftest ship, they
approached the dangerous quicksands and headland of Borranpoint.  On the
deck of the foremost ship not a living soul was seen, or shape, unless
something in darkness and form, resembling a human shadow could be called
a shape, which flitted from extremity to extremity of the ship, with the
appearance of trimming the sails, and directing the vessel's course.  But
the decks of its companion were crowded with human shapes; the captain
and mate, and sailor and cabin-boy, all seemed there; and from them the
sound of mirth and minstrelsy echoed over land and water.  The coast
which they skirted along was one of extreme danger, and the reapers
shouted to warn them to beware of sandbank and rock; but of this friendly
counsel no notice was taken, except that a large and famished dog, which
sat on the prow, answered every shout with a long, loud, and melancholy
howl.  The deep sandbank of Carsethorn was expected to arrest the career
of these desperate navigators; but they passed, with the celerity of
water-fowl, over an obstruction which had wrecked many pretty ships.

"Old men shook their heads and departed, saying, 'We have seen the fiend
sailing in a bottomless ship; let us go home and pray;' but one young and
wilful man said, 'Fiend!  I'll warrant it's nae fiend, but douce Janet
Withershins the witch, holding a carouse with some of her Cumberland
cummers, and mickle red wine will be spilt atween them.  Dod I would
gladly have a toothfu'!  I'll warrant it's nane o' your cauld sour slae-
water like a bottle of Bailie Skrinkie's port, but right
drap-o'-my-heart's-blood stuff, that would waken a body out of their last
linen.  I wonder where the cummers will anchor their craft?'  'And I'll
vow,' said another rustic, 'the wine they quaff is none of your visionary
drink, such as a drouthie body has dished out to his lips in a dream; nor
is it shadowy and unsubstantial, like the vessels they sail in, which are
made out of a cockel-shell or a cast-off slipper, or the paring of a
seaman's right thumb-nail.  I once got a hansel out of a witch's quaigh
myself--auld Marion Mathers, of Dustiefoot, whom they tried to bury in
the old kirkyard of Dunscore; but the cummer raise as fast as they laid
her down, and naewhere else would she lie but in the bonnie green
kirkyard of Kier, among douce and sponsible fowk.  So I'll vow that the
wine of a witch's cup is as fell liquor as ever did a kindly turn to a
poor man's heart; and be they fiends, or be they witches, if they have
red wine asteer, I'll risk a drouket sark for ae glorious tout on't."

"'Silence, ye sinners,' said the minister's son of a neighbouring parish,
who united in his own person his father's lack of devotion with his
mother's love of liquor.  'Whist!--speak as if ye had the fear of
something holy before ye.  Let the vessels run their own way to
destruction: who can stay the eastern wind, and the current of the Solway
sea?  I can find ye Scripture warrant for that; so let them try their
strength on Blawhooly rocks, and their might on the broad quicksand.
There's a surf running there would knock the ribs together of a galley
built by the imps of the pit, and commanded by the Prince of Darkness.
Bonnily and bravely they sail away there, but before the blast blows by
they'll be wrecked; and red wine and strong brandy will be as rife as
dyke-water, and we'll drink the health of bonnie Bell Blackness out of
her left-foot slipper.'

"The speech of the young profligate was applauded by several of his
companions, and away they flew to the bay of Blawhooly, from whence they
never returned.  The two vessels were observed all at once to stop in the
bosom of the bay, on the spot where their hulls now appear; the mirth and
the minstrelsy waxed louder than ever, and the forms of maidens, with
instruments of music and wine-cups in their hands, thronged the decks.  A
boat was lowered; and the same shadowy pilot who conducted the ships made
it start towards the shore with the rapidity of lightning, and its head
knocked against the bank where the four young men stood who longed for
the unblest drink.  They leaped in with a laugh, and with a laugh were
they welcomed on deck; wine-cups were given to each, and as they raised
them to their lips the vessels melted away beneath their feet, and one
loud shriek, mingled with laughter still louder, was heard over land and
water for many miles.  Nothing more was heard or seen till the morning,
when the crowd who came to the beach saw with fear and wonder the two
Haunted Ships, such as they now seem, masts and tackle gone; nor mark,
nor sign, by which their name, country, or destination could be known,
was left remaining.  Such is the tradition of the mariners; and its truth
has been attested by many families whose sons and whose fathers have been
drowned in the haunted bay of Blawhooly."

"And trow ye," said the old woman, who, attracted from her hut by the
drowning cries of the young fisherman, had remained an auditor of the
mariner's legend,--"And trow ye, Mark Macmoran, that the tale of the
Haunted Ships is done?  I can say no to that.  Mickle have mine ears
heard; but more mine eyes have witnessed since I came to dwell in this
humble home by the side of the deep sea.  I mind the night weel; it was
on Hallowmas Eve; the nuts were cracked, and the apples were eaten, and
spell and charm were tried at my fireside; till, wearied with diving into
the dark waves of futurity, the lads and lasses fairly took to the more
visible blessings of kind words, tender clasps, and gentle courtship.
Soft words in a maiden's ear, and a kindly kiss o' her lip were old-world
matters to me, Mark Macmoran; though I mean not to say that I have been
free of the folly of daunering and daffin with a youth in my day, and
keeping tryst with him in dark and lonely places.  However, as I say,
these times of enjoyment were passed and gone with me--the mair's the
pity that pleasure should fly sae fast away--and as I couldna make sport
I thought I should not mar any; so out I sauntered into the fresh cold
air, and sat down behind that old oak, and looked abroad on the wide sea.
I had my ain sad thoughts, ye may think, at the time: it was in that very
bay my blythe good-man perished, with seven more in his company; and on
that very bank where ye see the waves leaping and foaming, I saw seven
stately corses streeked, but the dearest was the eighth.  It was a woful
sight to me, a widow, with four bonnie boys, with nought to support them
but these twa hands, and God's blessing, and a cow's grass.  I have never
liked to live out of sight of this bay since that time; and mony's the
moonlight night I sit looking on these watery mountains and these waste
shores; it does my heart good, whatever it may do to my head.  So ye see
it was Hallowmas Night, and looking on sea and land sat I; and my heart
wandering to other thoughts soon made me forget my youthful company at
hame.  It might be near the howe hour of the night.  The tide was making,
and its singing brought strange old-world stories with it, and I thought
on the dangers that sailors endure, the fates they meet with, and the
fearful forms they see.  My own blythe goodman had seen sights that made
him grave enough at times, though he aye tried to laugh them away.

"Aweel, atween that very rock aneath us and the coming tide, I saw, or
thought I saw--for the tale is so dreamlike that the whole might pass for
a vision of the night,--I saw the form of a man; his plaid was grey, his
face was grey; and his hair, which hung low down till it nearly came to
the middle of his back, was as white as the white sea-foam.  He began to
howk and dig under the bank; an' God be near me, thought I, this maun be
the unblessed spirit of auld Adam Gowdgowpin the miser, who is doomed to
dig for shipwrecked treasure, and count how many millions are hidden for
ever from man's enjoyment.  The form found something which in shape and
hue seemed a left-foot slipper of brass; so down to the tide he marched,
and, placing it on the water, whirled it thrice round, and the infernal
slipper dilated at every turn, till it became a bonnie barge with its
sails bent, and on board leaped the form, and scudded swiftly away.  He
came to one of the Haunted Ships, and striking it with his oar, a fair
ship, with mast and canvas and mariners, started up; he touched the other
Haunted Ship, and produced the like transformation; and away the three
spectre ships bounded, leaving a track of fire behind them on the billows
which was long unextinguished.  Now wasna that a bonnie and fearful sight
to see beneath the light of the Hallowmas moon?  But the tale is far frae
finished, for mariners say that once a year, on a certain night, if ye
stand on the Borran Point, ye will see the infernal shallops coming
snoring through the Solway; ye will hear the same laugh and song and
mirth and minstrelsy which our ancestors heard; see them bound over the
sandbanks and sunken rocks like sea-gulls, cast their anchor in Blawhooly
Bay, while the shadowy figure lowers down the boat, and augments their
numbers with the four unhappy mortals to whose memory a stone stands in
the kirkyard, with a sinking ship and a shoreless sea cut upon it.  Then
the spectre ships vanish, and the drowning shriek of mortals and the
rejoicing laugh of fiends are heard, and the old hulls are left as a
memorial that the old spiritual kingdom has not departed from the earth.
But I maun away, and trim my little cottage fire, and make it burn and
blaze up bonnie, to warm the crickets and my cold and crazy bones that
maun soon be laid aneath the green sod in the eerie kirkyard."  And away
the old dame tottered to her cottage, secured the door on the inside, and
soon the hearth-flame was seen to glimmer and gleam through the keyhole
and window.

"I'll tell ye what," said the old mariner, in a subdued tone, and with a
shrewd and suspicious glance of his eye after the old sibyl, "it's a word
that may not very well be uttered, but there are many mistakes made in
evening stories if old Moll Moray there, where she lives, knows not
mickle more than she is willing to tell of the Haunted Ships and their
unhallowed mariners.  She lives cannily and quietly; no one knows how she
is fed or supported; but her dress is aye whole, her cottage ever smokes,
and her table lacks neither of wine, white and red, nor of fowl and fish,
and white bread and brown.  It was a dear scoff to Jock Matheson, when he
called old Moll the uncanny carline of Blawhooly: his boat ran round and
round in the centre of the Solway--everybody said it was enchanted--and
down it went head foremost; and hadna Jock been a swimmer equal to a
sheldrake, he would have fed the fish.  But I'll warrant it sobered the
lad's speech; and he never reckoned himself safe till he made old Moll
the present of a new kirtle and a stone of cheese."

"O father!" said his granddaughter Barbara, "ye surely wrong poor old
Mary Moray; what use could it be to an old woman like her, who has no
wrongs to redress, no malice to work out against mankind, and nothing to
seek of enjoyment save a canny hour and a quiet grave--what use could the
fellowship of fiends and the communion of evil spirits be to her?  I know
Jenny Primrose puts rowan-tree above the door-head when she sees old Mary
coming; I know the good-wife of Kittlenaket wears rowan-berry leaves in
the headband of her blue kirtle, and all for the sake of averting the
unsonsie glance of Mary's right ee; and I know that the auld Laird of
Burntroutwater drives his seven cows to their pasture with a wand of
witch-tree, to keep Mary from milking them.  But what has all that to do
with haunted shallops, visionary mariners, and bottomless boats?  I have
heard myself as pleasant a tale about the Haunted Ships and their
unworldly crews as any one would wish to hear in a winter evening.  It
was told me by young Benjie Macharg, one summer night, sitting on
Arbigland-bank: the lad intended a sort of love meeting; but all that he
could talk of was about smearing sheep and shearing sheep, and of the
wife which the Norway elves of the Haunted Ships made for his uncle
Sandie Macharg.  And I shall tell ye the tale as the honest lad told it
to me.

"Alexander Macharg, besides being the laird of three acres of peatmoss,
two kale gardens, and the owner of seven good milch cows, a pair of
horses, and six pet sheep, was the husband of one of the handsomest women
in seven parishes.  Many a lad sighed the day he was brided; and a
Nithsdale laird and two Annandale moorland farmers drank themselves to
their last linen, as well as their last shilling, through sorrow for her
loss.  But married was the dame; and home she was carried, to bear rule
over her home and her husband, as an honest woman should.  Now ye maun
ken that though the flesh-and-blood lovers of Alexander's bonnie wife all
ceased to love and to sue her after she became another's, there were
certain admirers who did not consider their claim at all abated, or their
hopes lessened by the kirk's famous obstacle of matrimony.  Ye have heard
how the devout minister of Tinwald had a fair son carried away, and
wedded against his liking to an unchristened bride, whom the elves and
the fairies provided; ye have heard how the bonnie bride of the drunken
Laird of Soukitup was stolen by the fairies out at the back-window of the
bridal chamber, the time the bridegroom was groping his way to the
chamber door; and ye have heard--but why need I multiply cases?  Such
things in the ancient days were as common as candle-light.  So ye'll no
hinder certain water elves and sea fairies, who sometimes keep festival
and summer mirth in these old haunted hulks, from falling in love with
the weel-faured wife of Laird Macharg; and to their plots and
contrivances they went how they might accomplish to sunder man and wife;
and sundering such a man and such a wife was like sundering the green
leaf from the summer, or the fragrance from the flower.

"So it fell on a time that Laird Macharg took his halve-net on his back,
and his steel spear in his hand, and down to Blawhooly Bay gaed he, and
into the water he went right between the two haunted hulks, and placing
his net awaited the coming of the tide.  The night, ye maun ken, was
mirk, and the wind lowne, and the singing of the increasing waters among
the shells and the peebles was heard for sundry miles.  All at once light
began to glance and twinkle on board the two Haunted Ships from every
hole and seam, and presently the sound as of a hatchet employed in
squaring timber echoed far and wide.  But if the toil of these unearthly
workmen amazed the laird, how much more was his amazement increased when
a sharp shrill voice called out, 'Ho, brother! what are you doing now?'  A
voice still shriller responded from the other haunted ship, 'I'm making a
wife to Sandie Macharg!'  And a loud quavering laugh running from ship to
ship, and from bank to bank, told the joy they expected from their
labour.

"Now the laird, besides being a devout and a God-fearing man, was shrewd
and bold; and in plot and contrivance, and skill in conducting his
designs, was fairly an overmatch for any dozen land elves; but the water
elves are far more subtle; besides their haunts and their dwellings being
in the great deep, pursuit and detection is hopeless if they succeed in
carrying their prey to the waves.  But ye shall hear.  Home flew the
laird, collected his family around the hearth, spoke of the signs and the
sins of the times, and talked of mortification and prayer for averting
calamity; and, finally, taking his father's Bible, brass clasps, black
print, and covered with calf-skin, from the shelf, he proceeded without
let or stint to perform domestic worship.  I should have told ye that he
bolted and locked the door, shut up all inlet to the house, threw salt
into the fire, and proceeded in every way like a man skilful in guarding
against the plots of fairies and fiends.  His wife looked on all this
with wonder; but she saw something in her husband's looks that hindered
her from intruding either question or advice, and a wise woman was she.

"Near the mid-hour of the night the rush of a horse's feet was heard, and
the sound of a rider leaping from its back, and a heavy knock came to the
door, accompanied by a voice, saying, 'The cummer drink's hot, and the
knave bairn is expected at Laird Laurie's to-night; sae mount, good-wife,
and come.'

"'Preserve me!' said the wife of Sandie Macharg, 'that's news indeed; who
could have thought it?  The laird has been heirless for seventeen years!
Now, Sandie, my man, fetch me my skirt and hood.'

"But he laid his arm round his wife's neck, and said, 'If all the lairds
in Galloway go heirless, over this door threshold shall you not stir to-
night; and I have said, and I have sworn it; seek not to know why or
wherefore--but, Lord, send us thy blessed mornlight.'  The wife looked
for a moment in her husband's eyes, and desisted from further entreaty.

"'But let us send a civil message to the gossips, Sandy; and hadna ye
better say I am sair laid with a sudden sickness? though it's sinful-like
to send the poor messenger a mile agate with a lie in his mouth without a
glass of brandy.'

"'To such a messenger, and to those who sent him, no apology is needed,'
said the austere laird; 'so let him depart.'  And the clatter of a
horse's hoofs was heard, and the muttered imprecations of its rider on
the churlish treatment he had experienced.

"'Now, Sandie, my lad,' said his wife, laying an arm particularly white
and round about his neck as she spoke, 'are you not a queer man and a
stern?  I have been your wedded wife now these three years; and, beside
my dower, have brought you three as bonnie bairns as ever smiled aneath a
summer sun.  O man, you a douce man, and fitter to be an elder than even
Willie Greer himself, I have the minister's ain word for 't, to put on
these hard-hearted looks, and gang waving your arms that way, as if ye
said, "I winna take the counsel of sic a hempie as you;" I'm your ain
leal wife, and will and maun have an explanation.'

"To all this Sandie Macharg replied, 'It is written, "Wives, obey your
husbands"; but we have been stayed in our devotion, so let us pray;' and
down he knelt: his wife knelt also, for she was as devout as bonnie; and
beside them knelt their household, and all lights were extinguished.

"'Now this beats a',' muttered his wife to herself; 'however, I shall be
obedient for a time; but if I dinna ken what all this is for before the
morn by sunket-time, my tongue is nae langer a tongue, nor my hands worth
wearing.'

"The voice of her husband in prayer interrupted this mental soliloquy;
and ardently did he beseech to be preserved from the wiles of the fiends
and the snares of Satan; from witches, ghosts, goblins, elves, fairies,
spunkies, and water-kelpies; from the spectre shallop of Solway; from
spirits visible and invisible; from the Haunted Ships and their unearthly
tenants; from maritime spirits that plotted against godly men, and fell
in love with their wives--'

"'Nay, but His presence be near us!' said his wife, in a low tone of
dismay.  'God guide my gudeman's wits: I never heard such a prayer from
human lips before.  But, Sandie, my man, Lord's sake, rise.  What fearful
light is this?  Barn and byre and stable maun be in a blaze; and Hawkie,
and Hurley, Doddie, and Cherrie, and Damsonplum will be smoored with
reek, and scorched with flame.'

"And a flood of light, but not so gross as a common fire, which ascended
to heaven and filled all the court before the house, amply justified the
good-wife's suspicions.  But to the terrors of fire Sandie was as
immovable as he was to the imaginary groans of the barren wife of Laird
Laurie; and he held his wife, and threatened the weight of his right
hand--and it was a heavy one--to all who ventured abroad, or even
unbolted the door.  The neighing and prancing of horses, and the
bellowing of cows, augmented the horrors of the night; and to any one who
only heard the din, it seemed that the whole onstead was in a blaze, and
horses and cattle perishing in the flame.  All wiles, common or
extraordinary, were put in practice to entice or force the honest farmer
and his wife to open the door; and when the like success attended every
new stratagem, silence for a little while ensued, and a long, loud, and
shrilling laugh wound up the dramatic efforts of the night.  In the
morning, when Laird Macharg went to the door, he found standing against
one of the pilasters a piece of black ship oak, rudely fashioned into
something like human form, and which skilful people declared would have
been clothed with seeming flesh and blood, and palmed upon him by elfin
adroitness for his wife, had he admitted his visitants.  A synod of wise
men and women sat upon the woman of timber, and she was finally ordered
to be devoured by fire, and that in the open air.  A fire was soon made,
and into it the elfin sculpture was tossed from the prongs of two pairs
of pitchforks.  The blaze that arose was awful to behold; and hissings
and burstings and loud cracklings and strange noises were heard in the
midst of the flame; and when the whole sank into ashes, a drinking-cup of
some precious metal was found; and this cup, fashioned no doubt by elfin
skill, but rendered harmless by the purification with fire, the sons and
daughters of Sandie Macharg and his wife drink out of to this very day.
Bless all bold men, say I, and obedient wives!"




THE BROWNIE.


The Scottish Brownie formed a class of being distinct in habit and
disposition from the freakish and mischievous elves.  He was meagre,
shaggy, and wild in his appearance.  Thus Cleland, in his satire against
the Highlanders, compares them to

   "Faunes, or Brownies, if ye will,
   Or Satyres come from Atlas Hill."

In the day-time he lurked in remote recesses of the old houses which he
delighted to haunt, and in the night sedulously employed himself in
discharging any laborious task which he thought might be acceptable to
the family to whose service he had devoted himself.  But the Brownie does
not drudge from the hope of recompense.  On the contrary, so delicate is
his attachment that the offer of reward, but particularly of food,
infallibly occasions his disappearance for ever.  It is told of a
Brownie, who haunted a border family now extinct, that the lady having
fallen unexpectedly ill, and the servant, who was ordered to ride to
Jedburgh for the _sage-femme_, showing no great alertness in setting out,
the familiar spirit slipped on the greatcoat of the lingering domestic,
rode to the town on the laird's best horse, and returned with the midwife
_en croupe_.  During the short space of his absence, the Tweed, which
they must necessarily ford, rose to a dangerous height.  Brownie, who
transported his charge with all the rapidity of the ghostly lover of
Lenore, was not to be stopped by the obstacle.  He plunged in with the
terrified old lady, and landed her in safety where her services were
wanted.  Having put the horse into the stable (where it was afterwards
found in a woful plight), he proceeded to the room of the servant, whose
duty he had discharged, and finding him just in the act of drawing on his
boots, he administered to him a most merciless drubbing with his own
horsewhip.  Such an important service excited the gratitude of the laird,
who, understanding that Brownie had been heard to express a wish to have
a green coat, ordered a vestment of the colour to be made, and left in
his haunts.  Brownie took away the green coat, but was never seen more.
We may suppose that, tired of his domestic drudgery, he went in his new
livery to join the fairies.

The last Brownie known in Ettrick Forest resided in Bodsbeck, a wild and
solitary spot, near the head of Moffat Water, where he exercised his
functions undisturbed, till the scrupulous devotion of an old lady
induced her to "hire him away," as it was termed, by placing in his haunt
a porringer of milk and a piece of money.  After receiving this hint to
depart, he was heard the whole night to howl and cry, "Farewell to bonnie
Bodsbeck!" which he was compelled to abandon for ever.




MAUNS' STANE.


In the latter end of the autumn of 18--, I set out by myself on an
excursion over the northern part of Scotland, and during that time my
chief amusement was to observe the little changes of manners, language,
etc., in the different districts.  After having viewed on my return the
principal curiosities in Buchan, I made a little ale-house, or "public,"
my head-quarters for the night.  Having discussed my supper in solitude,
I called up mine host to enable me to discuss my bottle, and to give me a
statistical account of the country around me.  Seated in the "blue" end,
and well supplied with the homely but satisfying luxuries which the place
afforded, I was in an excellent mood for enjoying the communicativeness
of my landlord; and, after speaking about the cave of Slaines, the state
of the crops, and the neighbouring franklins, edged him, by degrees, to
speak about the Abbey of Deer, an interesting ruin which I had examined
in the course of the day, formerly the stronghold of the once powerful
family of Cummin.

"It's dootless a bonnie place about the abbey," said he, "but naething
like what it was when the great Sir James the Rose came to hide i' the
Buchan woods wi' a' the Grahames rampagin' at his tail, whilk you that's
a beuk-learned man 'ill hae read o', an' may be ye'll hae heard o' the
saughen bush where he forgathered wi' his jo; or aiblins ye may have seen
't, for it's standing yet just at the corner o' gaukit Jamie Jamieson's
peat-stack.  Ay, ay, the abbey was a brave place once; but a' thing, ye
ken, comes till an end."  So saying, he nodded to me, and brought his
glass to an end.

"This place, then, must have been famed in days of yore, my friend?"

"Ye may tak my word for that," said he, "'Od, it _was_ a place!  Sic a
sight o' fechtin' as they had about it!  But gin ye'll gan up the trap-
stair to the laft, an' open Jenny's kist, ye'll see sic a story about it,
printed by ane o' your learned Aberdeen's fouk, Maister Keith, I think;
she coft it in Aberdeen for twal' pennies, lang ago, an' battered it to
the lid o' her kist.  But gang up the stair canny, for fear that you
should wauken her, puir thing; or, bide, I'll just wauken Jamie Fleep,
an' gar him help me down wi't, for our stair's no just that canny for
them 't's no acquaint wi't, let alane a frail man wi' your infirmity."

I assured him that I would neither disturb the young lady's slumber nor
Jamie Fleep's, and begged him to give me as much information as he could
about this castle.

"Weel, wishin' your guid health again.--Our minister ance said that
Solomon's Temple was a' in ruins, wi' whin bushes, an' broom and thistles
growin' ower the bonnie carved wark an' the cedar wa's, just like our ain
abbey.  Noo, I judge that the Abbey o' Deer was just the marrow o 't, or
the minister wadna hae said that.  But when it was biggit, Lord kens, for
I dinna.  It was just as you see it, lang afore your honour was born, an'
aiblins, as the by-word says, may be sae after ye're hanged.  But that's
neither here nor there.  The Cummins o' Buchan were a dour and surly
race; and, for a fearfu' time, nane near han' nor far awa could ding
them, an' yet mony a ane tried it.  The fouk on their ain lan' likit them
weel enough; but the Crawfords, an' the Grahames, an' the Mars, an' the
Lovats, were aye trying to comb them against the hair, an' mony a weary
kempin' had they wi' them.  But some way or ither they could never ding
them; an' fouk said that they gaed and learned the black art frae the
Pope o' Room, wha, I myself heard the minister say, had aye a colleague
wi' the Auld Chiel.  I dinna ken fou it was, in the tail o' the day, the
hale country raise up against them, an' besieged them in the Abbey o'
Deer.  Ye'll see, my frien'" (by this time mine host considered me as one
of his cronies), "tho' we ca' it the abbey, it had naething to do wi'
papistry; na, na, no sae bad as a' that either, but just a noble's
castle, where they keepit sodgers gaun about in airn an' scarlet, wi'
their swords an' guns, an' begnets, an' sentry-boxes, like the local
militia in the barracks o' Aberdeen.

"Weel, ye see, they surrounded the castle, an' lang did they besiege it;
but there was a vast o' meat in the castle, an' the Buchan fouk fought
like the vera deil.  They took their horse through a miscellaneous
passage, half a mile long, aneath the hill o' Saplinbrae, an' watered
them in the burn o' Pulmer.  But a' wadna do; they took the castle at
last, and a terrible slaughter they made amo' them; but they were sair
disappointed in ae partic'ler, for Cummin's fouk sank a' their goud an'
siller in a draw-wall, an' syne filled it up wi' stanes.  They got
naething in the way of spulzie to speak o'; sae out o' spite they dang
doon the castle, an' it's never been biggit to this day.  But the Cummins
were no sae bad as the Lairds o' Federat, after a'."

"And who were these Federats?" I inquired.

"The Lairds o' Federat?" said he, moistening his mouth again as a
preamble to his oration.  "Troth, frae their deeds ane would maist think
that they had a drap o' the deil's blude, like the pyets.  Gin a' tales
be true, they hae the warmest place at his bink this vera minute.  I
dinna ken vera muckle about them though, but the auldest fouk said they
were just byous wi' cruelty.  Mony a good man did they hing up i' their
ha', just for their ain sport; ye'll see the ring to the fore yet in the
roof o 't.  Did ye never hear o' Mauns' Stane, neebour?"

"Mauns' what?" said I.

"Ou, Mauns' Stane.  But it's no likely.  Ye see it was just a queer clump
o' a roun'-about heathen, waghlin' may be twa tons or thereby.  It wasna
like ony o' the stanes in our countra, an' it was as roun' as a fit-ba';
I'm sure it wad ding Professor Couplan himsel' to tell what way it cam'
there.  Noo, fouk aye thought there was something uncanny about it, an'
some gaed the length o' saying that the deil used to bake ginshbread
upon't; and, as sure as ye're sitting there, frien', there was knuckle-
marks upon 't, for my ain father has seen them as aften as I have taes
an' fingers.  Aweel, ye see, Mauns Crawford, the last o' the Lairds o'
Federat, an' the deil had coost out (may be because the laird was just as
wicked an' as clever as he was himsel'), an' ye perceive the evil ane
wantit to play him a trick.  Noo, Mauns Crawford was ae day lookin' ower
his castle wa', and he saw a stalwart carle, in black claes, ridin' up
the loanin'.  He stopped at this chuckie o' a stane, an' loutin' himsel',
he took it up in his arms, and lifted it three times to his saddle-bow,
an' syne he rade awa out o' sight, never comin' near the castle, as Mauns
thought he would hae done.  'Noo,' says the baron till himsel', says he,
'I didna think that there was ony ane in a' the land that could hae
played sic a ploy; but deil fetch me if I dinna lift it as weel as he
did!'  Sae aff he gaed, for there wasna sic a man for birr in a' the
countra, an' he kent it as weel, for he never met wi' his match.  Weel,
he tried, and tugged, and better than tugged at the stane, but he coudna
mudge it ava; an' when he looked about, he saw a man at his ilbuck, a'
smeared wi' smiddy-coom, snightern an' laughin' at him.  The laird d---d
him, an' bade him lift it, whilk he did as gin 't had been a little
pinnin.  The laird was like to burst wi' rage at being fickled by sic a
hag-ma-hush carle, and he took to the stane in a fury, and lifted it till
his knee; but the weight o 't amaist ground his banes to smash.  He held
the stane till his een-strings crackit, when he was as blin' as a
moudiwort.  He was blin' till the day o' his death,--that's to say, if
ever he died, for there were queer sayings about it--vera queer! vera
queer!  The stane was ca'd Mauns' Stane ever after; an' it was no thought
that canny to be near it after gloaming; for what says the Psalm--hem!--I
mean the sang--

   'Tween Ennetbutts an' Mauns' Stane
   Ilka night there walks ane!

"There never was a chief of the family after; the men were scattered, an'
the castle demolished.  The doo and the hoodie-craw nestle i' their
towers, and the hare mak's her form on their grassy hearth-stane."

"Is this stone still to be seen?"

"Ou, na.  Ye see, it was just upon Johnie Forbes's craft, an' fouk cam'
far an' near to leuk at it, an' trampit down a' the puir cottar-body's
corn; sae he houkit a hole just aside it, and tumbled it intil 't; by
that means naebody sees't noo, but its weel kent that it's there, for
they're livin' yet wha've seen it."

"But the well at the Abbey--did no one feel a desire to enrich himself
with the gold and silver buried there?"

"Hoot, ay; mony a ane tried to find out whaur it was, and, for that
matter, I've may be done as foolish a thing myself; but nane ever made it
out.  There was a scholar, like yoursel', that gaed ae night down to the
Abbey, an', ye see, he summoned up the deil."

"The deuce he did!" said I.

"Weel, weel, the deuce, gin ye like it better," said he.  "An' he was
gaun to question him where the treasure was, but he had eneuch to do to
get him laid without deaving him wi' questions, for a' the deils cam'
about him, like bees biggin' out o' a byke.  He never coured the fright
he gat, but cried out, 'Help! help!' till his very enemy wad hae been wae
to see him; and sae he cried till he died, which was no that lang after.
Fouk sudna meddle wi' sic ploys!"

"Most wonderful!  And do you believe that Beelzebub actually appeared to
him?"

"Believe it!  What for no?" said he, consequentially tapping the lid of
his snuff-horn.  "Didna my ain father see the evil ane i' the schule o'
Auld Deer?"

"Indeed!"

"Weel, I wot he did that.  A wheen idle callants, when the dominie was
out at his twal'-hours, read the Lord's Prayer backlans, an' raised him,
but couldna lay him again, for he threepit ower them that he wadna gang
awa unless he gat ane o' them wi' him.  Ye may be sure this put them in
an awfu' swither.  They were a' squallin' an' crawlin' and sprawlin' amo'
the couples to get out o' his grips.  Ane o' them gat out an' tauld the
maister about it, an' when he cam' down, the melted lead was runnin' aff
the roof o' the house wi' the heat, sae, flingin' to the black thief a
young bit kittlen o' the schule-mistress's, he sank through the floor wi'
an awsome roar.  I mysel' have heard the mistress misca'in her man about
offering up the puir thing, baith saul and body, to Baal.  But troth, I'm
no clear to speak o' the like o' this at sic a time o' night; sae if your
honour bena for another jug, I'll e'en wus you a gude-night, for it's
wearin' late, an I maun awa' to Skippyfair i' the mornin'."

I assented to this, and quickly lost in sleep the remembrance of all
these tales of the olden times.




"HORSE AND HATTOCK."


The power of the fairies was not confined to unchristened children alone;
it was supposed frequently to be extended to full-grown people,
especially such as in an unlucky hour were devoted to the devil by the
execrations of parents and of masters; or those who were found asleep
under a rock, or on a green hill, belonging to the fairies, after sunset,
or, finally, to those who unwarily joined their orgies.  A tradition
existed, during the seventeenth century, concerning an ancestor of the
noble family of Duffers, who, "walking abroad in the fields near to his
own house, was suddenly carried away, and found the next day at Paris, in
the French king's cellar, with a silver cup in his hand.  Being brought
into the king's presence, and questioned by him who he was, and how he
came thither, he told his name, his country, and the place of his
residence, and that on such a day of the month, which proved to be the
day immediately preceding, being in the fields, he heard a noise of a
whirlwind, and of voices crying 'Horse and hattock!' (this is the word
which the fairies are said to use when they remove from any place),
whereupon he cried 'Horse and hattock!' also, and was immediately caught
up and transported through the air by the fairies to that place, where,
after he had drunk heartily, he fell asleep, and before he woke the rest
of the company were gone, and had left him in the posture wherein he was
found.  It is said the king gave him a cup which was found in his hand,
and dismissed him."  The narrator affirms "that the cup was still
preserved, and known by the name of the fairy cup."  He adds that Mr.
Steward, tutor to the then Lord Duffers, had informed him that, "when a
boy at the school of Forres, he and his school-fellows were once upon a
time whipping their tops in the churchyard, before the door of the
church, when, though the day was calm, they heard a noise of a wind, and
at some distance saw the small dust begin to rise and turn round, which
motion continued advancing till it came to the place where they were,
whereupon they began to bless themselves; but one of their number being,
it seems, a little more bold and confident than his companion, said,
'Horse and hattock with my top!' and immediately they all saw the top
lifted up from the ground, but could not see which way it was carried, by
reason of a cloud of dust which was raised at the same time.  They sought
for the top all about the place where it was taken up, but in vain; and
it was found afterwards in the churchyard, on the other side of the
church."  This legend is contained in a letter from a learned gentleman
in Scotland to Mr. Aubrey, dated 15th March 1695, published in _Aubrey's
Miscellanies_.




SECRET COMMONWEALTH.


_By_ MR. ROBERT KIRK, _Minister of Aberfoyle_, 1691.

The Siths, or Fairies, they call _Sluagh Maith_, or the Goodpeople, it
would seem, to prevent the dint of their ill attempts (for the Irish used
to bless all they fear harm of), and are said to be of a middle nature
betwixt man and angel, as were demons thought to be of old, of
intelligent studious spirits, and light changeable bodies (like those
called astral), somewhat of the nature of a condensed cloud, and best
seen in twilight.  These bodies be so pliable through the subtlety of the
spirits that agitate them, that they can make them appear or disappear at
pleasure.  Some have bodies or vehicles so spongeous, thin, and defecat
[pure] that they are fed by only sucking into some fine spirituous
liquors, that pierce like pure air and oil; others feed more gross on the
foyson [abundance] or substance of corn and liquors, or corn itself that
grows on the surface of the earth, which these fairies steal away, partly
invisible, partly preying on the grain, as do crows and mice; wherefore
in this same age they are sometimes heard to break bread, strike hammers,
and to do such like services within the little hillocks they most do
haunt; some whereof of old, before the Gospel dispelled Paganism, and in
some barbarous places as yet, enter houses after all are at rest, and set
the kitchens in order, cleansing all the vessels.  Such drags go under
the name of Brownies.  When we have plenty, they have scarcity at their
homes; and, on the contrary (for they are not empowered to catch as much
prey everywhere as they please), their robberies, notwithstanding,
ofttimes occasion great ricks of corn not to bleed so well (as they call
it), or prove so copious by very far as was expected by the owner.

Their bodies of congealed air are sometimes carried aloft, other whiles
grovel in different shapes, and enter into any cranny or clift of the
earth where air enters, to their ordinary dwellings; the earth being full
of cavities and cells, and there being no place, no creature, but is
supposed to have other animals (greater or lesser) living in or upon it
as inhabitants; and no such thing as a pure wilderness in the whole
universe.

We then (the more terrestrial kind have now so numerously planted all
countries) do labour for that abstruse people, as well as for ourselves.
Albeit, when several countries were uninhabited by us, these had their
easy tillage above ground, as we now.  The print of those furrows do yet
remain to be seen on the shoulders of very high hills, which was done
when the campaign ground was wood and forest.

They remove to other lodgings at the beginning of each quarter of the
year, so traversing till doomsday, being impotent of staying in one
place, and finding some ease by so purning [journeying] and changing
habitations.  Their chameleon-like bodies swim in the air near the earth
with bag and baggage; and at such revolution of time, seers, or men of
the second sight (females being seldom so qualified) have very terrifying
encounters with them, even on highways; who, therefore, awfully shun to
travel abroad at these four seasons of the year, and thereby have made it
a custom to this day among the Scottish-Irish to keep church duly every
first Sunday of the quarter to _seun_ or hallow themselves, their corn
and cattle, from the shots and stealth of these wandering tribes; and
many of these superstitious people will not be seen in church again till
the next quarter begins, as if no duty were to be learnt or done by them,
but all the use of worship and sermons were to save them from these
arrows that fly in the dark.

They are distributed in tribes and orders, and have children, nurses,
marriages, deaths, and burials in appearance, even as we (unless they so
do for a mock-show, or to prognosticate some such things among us).

They are clearly seen by these men of the second sight to eat at funerals
[and] banquets.  Hence many of the Scottish-Irish will not taste meat at
these meetings, lest they have communion with, or be poisoned by, them.
So are they seen to carry the bier or coffin with the corpse among the
middle-earth men to the grave.  Some men of that exalted sight (whether
by art or nature) have told me they have seen at these meetings a double
man, or the shape of some man in two places; that is a super-terranean
and a subterranean inhabitant, perfectly resembling one another in all
points, whom he, notwithstanding, could easily distinguish one from
another by some secret tokens and operations, and so go and speak to the
man, his neighbour and familiar, passing by the apparition or resemblance
of him.  They avouch that every element and different state of being has
animals resembling those of another element; as there be fishes sometimes
at sea resembling monks of late order in all their hoods and dresses; so
as the Roman invention of good and bad demons, and guardian angels
particularly assigned, is called by them an ignorant mistake, sprung only
from this original.  They call this reflex man a co-walker, every way
like the man, as a twin brother and companion, haunting him as his
shadow, as is oft seen and known among men (resembling the original),
both before and after the original is dead; and was often seen of old to
enter a house, by which the people knew that the person of that likeness
was to visit them within a few days.  This copy, echo, or living picture,
goes at last to his own herd.  It accompanied that person so long and
frequently for ends best known to itself, whether to guard him from the
secret assaults of some of its own folk, or only as a sportful ape to
counterfeit all his actions.  However, the stories of old witches prove
beyond contradiction that all sorts of people, spirits which assume light
airy bodies, or crazed bodies coacted by foreign spirits, seem to have
some pleasure (at least to assuage some pain or melancholy) by frisking
and capering like satyrs, or whistling and screeching (like unlucky
birds) in their unhallowed synagogues and Sabbaths.  If invited and
earnestly required, these companions make themselves known and familiar
to men; otherwise, being in a different state and element, they neither
can nor will easily converse with them.  They avouch that a _heluo_ or
great eater has a voracious elve to be his attender, called a joint-eater
or just-halver, feeding on the pith and quintessence of what the man
eats; and that, therefore, he continues lean like a hawk or heron,
notwithstanding his devouring appetite; yet it would seem they convey
that substance elsewhere, for these subterraneans eat but little in their
dwellings, their food being exactly clean, and served up by pleasant
children, like enchanted puppets.

Their houses are called large and fair, and (unless at some odd
occasions) unperceivable by vulgar eyes, like Rachland and other
enchanted islands, having fir lights, continual lamps, and fires, often
seen without fuel to sustain them.  Women are yet alive who tell they
were taken away when in childbed to nurse fairy children, a lingering
voracious image of them being left in their place (like their reflection
in a mirror), which (as if it were some insatiable spirit in an assumed
body) made first semblance to devour the meats that it cunningly carried
by, and then left the carcass as if it expired and departed thence by a
natural and common death.  The child and fire, with food and all other
necessaries, are set before the nurse how soon she enters, but she
neither perceives any passage out, nor sees what those people do in other
rooms of the lodging.  When the child is weaned, the nurse dies, or is
conveyed back, or gets it to her choice to stay there.  But if any
superterraneans be so subtle as to practise sleights for procuring the
privacy to any of their mysteries (such as making use of their ointments,
which, as Gyges' ring, make them invisible or nimble, or cast them in a
trance, or alter their shape, or make things appear at a vast distance,
etc.), they smite them without pain, as with a puff of wind, and bereave
them of both the natural and acquired sights in the twinkling of an eye
(both these sights, when once they come, being in the same organ and
inseparable), or they strike them dumb.  The tramontanes to this day
place bread, the Bible, or a piece of iron, to save their women at such
times from being thus stolen, and they commonly report that all uncouth,
unknown wights are terrified by nothing earthly so much as cold iron.
They deliver the reason to be that hell lying betwixt the chill tempests
and the firebrands of scalding metals, and iron of the north (hence the
loadstone causes a tendency to that point), by an antipathy thereto,
these odious, far-scenting creatures shrug and fright at all that comes
thence relating to so abhorred a place, whence their torment is either
begun, or feared to come hereafter.

Their apparel and speech is like that of the people and country under
which they live; so are they seen to wear plaids and variegated garments
in the Highlands of Scotland, and suanachs [plaids] therefore in Ireland.
They speak but little, and that by way of whistling, clear, not rough.
The very devils conjured in any country do answer in the language of the
place; yet sometimes the subterraneans speak more distinctly than at
other times.  Their women are said to spin very fine, to dye, to tossue,
and embroider; but whether it be as manual operation of substantial
refined stuffs, with apt and solid instruments, or only curious cobwebs,
unpalpable rainbows, and a phantastic imitation of the actions of more
terrestrial mortals, since it transcended all the senses of the seer to
discern whether, I leave to conjecture as I found it.

Their men travel much abroad, either presaging or aping the dismal and
tragical actions of some amongst us; and have also many disastrous doings
of their own, as convocations, fighting, gashes, wounds, and burials,
both in the earth and air.  They live much longer than we; yet die at
last, or [at] least vanish from that state.  'Tis one of their tenets
that nothing perisheth, but (as the sun and year) everything goes in a
circle, lesser or greater, and is renewed and refreshed in its
revolutions; as 'tis another, that every body in the creation moves
(which is a sort of life); and that nothing moves but has another animal
moving on it; and so on, to the utmost minutest corpuscle that's capable
of being a receptacle of life.

They are said to have aristocratical rulers and laws, but no discernible
religion, love, or devotion towards God, the blessed Maker of all: they
disappear whenever they hear His name invoked, or the name of Jesus (at
which all do bow willingly, or by constraint, that dwell above or
beneath, within the earth), (Philip, ii. 10); nor can they act ought at
that time after hearing of that sacred name.  The Taiblsdear or seer,
that corresponds with this kind of familiars, can bring them with a spell
to appear to himself or others when he pleases, as readily as Endor Witch
did those of her own kind.  He tells they are ever readiest to go on
hurtful errands, but seldom will be the messengers of great good to men.
He is not terrified with their sight when he calls them, but seeing them
in a surprise (as often as he does) frights him extremely, and glad would
he be quit of such, for the hideous spectacles seen among them; as the
torturing of some wight, earnest, ghostly, staring looks, skirmishes, and
the like.  They do not all the harm which appearingly they have power to
do; nor are they perceived to be in great pain, save that they are
usually silent and sullen.  They are said to have many pleasant toyish
books; but the operation of these pieces only appears in some paroxysms
of antic, corybantic jollity, as if ravished and prompted by a new spirit
entering into them at that instant, lighter and merrier than their own.
Other books they have of involved, abstruse sense, much like the
Rosurcian [Rosicrucian] style.  They have nothing of the Bible, save
collected parcels for charms and counter-charms; not to defend themselves
withal, but to operate on other animals, for they are a people
invulnerable by our weapons, and albeit werewolves' and witches' true
bodies are (by the union of the spirit of nature that runs through all
echoing and doubling the blow towards another) wounded at home, when the
astral assumed bodies are stricken elsewhere--as the strings of a second
harp, tuned to a unison, sound, though only one be struck,--yet these
people have not a second, or so gross a body at all, to be so pierced;
but as air which when divided unites again; or if they feel pain by a
blow, they are better physicians than we, and quickly cure.  They are not
subject to sore sicknesses, but dwindle and decay at a certain period,
all about an age.  Some say their continual sadness is because of their
pendulous state (like those men, Luke xiii. 2-6), as uncertain what at
the last revolution will become of them, when they are locked up into an
unchangeable condition; and if they have any frolic fits of mirth, 'tis
as the constrained grinning of a mort-head [death's-head], or rather as
acted on a stage, and moved by another, ther [than?] cordially coming of
themselves.  But other men of the second sight, being illiterate, and
unwary in their observations, learn from [differ from] those; one
averring those subterranean people to be departed souls, attending a
while in this inferior state, and clothed with bodies procured through
their alms-deeds in this life; fluid, active, ethereal vehicles to hold
them that they may not scatter nor wander, and be lost in the totum, or
their first nothing; but if any were so impious as to have given no alms,
they say, when the souls of such do depart, they sleep in an inactive
state till they resume the terrestrial bodies again; others, that what
the low-country Scotch call a wraith, and the Irish _taibhse_, or death's
messenger (appearing sometimes as a little rough dog, and if crossed and
conjured in time, will be pacified by the death of any other creature
instead of the sick man), is only exuvious fumes of the man approaching
death, exhaled and congealed into a various likeness (as ships and armies
are sometimes shaped in the air), and called astral bodies, agitated as
wild-fire with wind, and are neither souls nor counterfeiting spirits;
yet not a few avouch (as is said) that surely these are a numerous people
by themselves, having their own politics, which diversities of judgment
may occasion several inconsonancies in this rehearsal, after the
narrowest scrutiny made about it.

Their weapons are most-what solid earthly bodies, nothing of iron, but
much of stone, like to yellow soft flint spa, shaped like a barbed
arrowhead, but flung like a dart, with great force.  These arms (cut by
art and tools, it seems, beyond human) have somewhat of the nature of
thunderbolt subtlety, and mortally wounding the vital parts without
breaking the skin; of which wounds I have observed in beasts, and felt
them with my hands.  They are not as infallible Benjamites, hitting at a
hair's-breadth; nor are they wholly unvanquishable, at least in
appearance.

The men of the second sight do not discover strange things when asked,
but at fits and raptures, as if inspired with some genius at that
instant, which before did work in or about them.  Thus I have frequently
spoken to one of them, who in his transport told me he cut the body of
one of those people in two with his iron weapon, and so escaped this
onset, yet he saw nothing left behind of that appearing divided; at other
times he outwrested [wrestled?] some of them.  His neighbours often
perceived this man to disappear at a certain place, and about an hour
after to become visible, and discover himself near a bow-shot from the
first place.  It was in that place where he became invisible, said he,
that the subterraneans did encounter and combat with him.  Those who are
_unseund_, or unsanctified (called fey), are said to be pierced or
wounded with those people's weapons, which makes them do somewhat very
unlike their former practice, causing a sudden alteration, yet the cause
thereof unperceivable at present; nor have they power (either they cannot
make use of their natural powers, or asked not the heavenly aid) to
escape the blow impendent.  A man of the second sight perceived a person
standing by him (sound to other's view) wholly gored in blood, and he
(amazed like) bid him instantly flee.  The whole man laughed at his
_airt_ [notice] and warning, since there was no appearance of danger.  He
had scarce contracted his lips from laughter when unexpectedly his
enemies leaped in at his side and stabbed him with their weapons.  They
also pierce cows or other animals, usually said to be Elf-shot, whose
purest substance (if they die) these subterraneans take to live on, viz.
the aerial and ethereal parts, the most spirituous matter for prolonging
of life, such as aquavitae (moderately taken) is amongst liquors, leaving
the terrestrial behind.  The cure of such hurts is only for a man to find
out the hole with his finger, as if the spirits flowing from a man's warm
hand were antidote sufficient against their poisoned darts.

As birds, as beasts, whose bodies are much used to the change of the free
and open air, foresee storms, so those invisible people are more
sagacious to understand by the books of nature things to come, than we,
who are pestered with the grossest dregs of all elementary mixtures, and
have our purer spirits choked by them.  The deer scents out a man and
powder (though a late invention) at a great distance; a hungry hunter,
bread; and the raven, a carrion; their brains, being long clarified by
the high and subtle air, will observe a very small change in a trice.
Thus a man of the second sight, perceiving the operations of these
forecasting invisible people among us (indulged through a stupendous
providence to give warnings of some remarkable events, either in the air,
earth, or waters), told he saw a winding shroud creeping on a walking
healthful person's leg till it came to the knee, and afterwards it came
up to the middle, then to the shoulders, and at last over the head, which
was visible to no other person.  And by observing the spaces of time
betwixt the several stages, he easily guessed how long the man was to
live who wore the shroud; for when it approached the head, he told that
such a person was ripe for the grave.

There be many places called fairy-hills, which the mountain people think
impious and dangerous to peel or discover, by taking earth or wood from
them, superstitiously believing the souls of their predecessors to dwell
there.  And for that end (say they) a mole or mound was dedicate beside
every churchyard to receive the souls till their adjacent bodies arise,
and so became as a fairy-hill; they using bodies of air when called
abroad.  They also affirm those creatures that move invisibly in a house,
and cast huge great stones, but do no much hurt, because counter-wrought
by some more courteous and charitable spirits that are everywhere ready
to defend men (Dan. x. 13), to be souls that have not attained their
rest, through a vehement desire of revealing a murder or notable injury
done or received, or a treasure that was forgot in their lifetime on
earth, which, when disclosed to a conjuror alone, the ghost quite
removes.

In the next country to that of my former residence, about the year 1676,
when there was some scarcity of grain, a marvellous illapse and vision
strongly struck the imagination of two women in one night, living at a
good distance from one another, about a treasure hid in a hill called
_Sith-bruthach_, or fairy-hill.  The appearance of a treasure was first
represented to the fancy, and then an audible voice named the place where
it was to their awaking senses.  Whereupon both rose, and meeting
accidentally at the place, discovered their design; and jointly digging,
found a vessel as large as a Scottish peck full of small pieces of good
money, of ancient coin; and halving betwixt them, they sold in dishfuls
for dishfuls of meal to the country people.  Very many of undoubted
credit saw and had of the coin to this day.  But whether it was a good or
bad angel, one of the subterranean people, or the restless soul of him
who hid it, that discovered it, and to what end it was done, I leave to
the examination of others.

These subterraneans have controversies, doubts, disputes, feuds, and
siding of parties; there being some ignorance in all creatures, and the
vastest created intelligences not compassing all things.  As to vice and
sin, whatever their own laws be, sure according to ours, and equity,
natural, civil, and revealed, they transgress and commit acts of
injustice and sin by what is above said, as to their stealing of nurses
to their children, and that other sort of plaginism in catching our
children away (may seem to heir some estate in those invisible dominions)
which never return.  For swearing and intemperance, they are not observed
so subject to those irregularities, as to envy, spite, hypocrisy, lying,
and dissimulation.

As our religion obliges us not to make a peremptory and curious search
into these abstrusenesses, so the histories of all ages give as many
plain examples of extraordinary occurrences as make a modest inquiry not
contemptible.  How much is written of pigmies, fairies, nymphs, syrens,
apparitions, which though not the tenth part true, yet could not spring
of nothing; even English authors relate [of] Barry Island, in
Glamorganshire, that laying your ear into a cleft of the rocks, blowing
of bellows, striking of hammers, clashing of armour, filing of iron, will
be heard distinctly ever since Merlin enchanted those subterranean wights
to a solid manual forging of arms to Aurelius Ambrosius and his Britons,
till he returned; which Merlin being killed in a battle, and not coming
to loose the knot, these active vulcans are there tied to a perpetual
labour.




THE FAIRY BOY OF LEITH.


"About fifteen years since, having business that detained me for some
time at Leith, which is near Edinburgh, in the kingdom of Scotland, I
often met some of my acquaintance at a certain house there, where we used
to drink a glass of wine for our refection.  The woman which kept the
house was of honest reputation among the neighbours, which made me give
the more attention to what she told me one day about a fairy boy (as they
called him) who lived about that town.  She had given me so strange an
account of him, that I desired her I might see him the first opportunity,
which she promised; and not long after, passing that way, she told me
there was the fairy boy, but a little before I came by; and, casting her
eye into the street, said, 'Look you, sir, yonder he is, at play with
those other boys'; and pointing him out to me, I went, and by smooth
words, and a piece of money, got him to come into the house with me;
where, in the presence of divers people, I demanded of him several
astrological questions, which he answered with great subtlety; and,
through all his discourse, carried it with a cunning much above his
years, which seemed not to exceed ten or eleven.

"He seemed to make a motion like drumming upon the table with his
fingers, upon which I asked him whether he could beat a drum?  To which
he replied, 'Yes, sir, as well as any man in Scotland; for every Thursday
night I beat all points to a sort of people that used to meet under
yonder hill' (pointing to the great hill between Edinburgh and Leith).
'How, boy?' quoth I, 'what company have you there?'  'There are, sir,'
said he, 'a great company both of men and women, and they are entertained
with many sorts of music besides my drum; they have, besides, plenty of
variety of meats and wine, and many times we are carried into France or
Holland in the night, and return again, and whilst we are there, we enjoy
all the pleasures the country doth afford.'  I demanded of him how they
got under that hill?  To which he replied that there was a great pair of
gates that opened to them, though they were invisible to others, and that
within there were brave large rooms, as well accommodated as most in
Scotland.  I then asked him how I should know what he said to be true?
Upon which he told me he would read my fortune, saying, I should have two
wives, and that he saw the forms of them over my shoulders; and both
would be very handsome women.

"The woman of the house told me that all the people in Scotland could not
keep him from the rendezvous on Thursday night; upon which, by promising
him some more money, I got a promise of him to meet me at the same place
in the afternoon, the Thursday following, and so dismissed him at that
time.  The boy came again at the place and time appointed, and I had
prevailed with some friends to continue with me (if possible) to prevent
his moving that night.  He was placed between us, and answered many
questions, until, about eleven of the clock, he was got away unperceived
by the company; but I, suddenly missing him, hastened to the door, and
took hold of him, and so returned him into the same room.  We all watched
him, and, of a sudden, he was again got out of doors; I followed him
close, and he made a noise in the street, as if he had been set upon, and
from that time I could never see him."




THE DRACAE.


These are a sort of water-spirits who inveigle women and children into
the recesses which they inhabit, beneath lakes and rivers, by floating
past them, on the surface of the water, in the shape of gold rings or
cups.  The women thus seized are employed as nurses, and after seven
years are permitted to revisit earth.  Gervase mentions one woman in
particular who had been allured by observing a wooden dish, or cup, float
by her, while she was washing clothes in the river.  Being seized as soon
as she reached the depths, she was conducted into one of the subterranean
recesses, which she described as very magnificent, and employed as nurse
to one of the brood of the hag who had allured her.  During her residence
in this capacity, having accidentally touched one of her eyes with an
ointment of serpent's grease, she perceived, at her return to the world,
that she had acquired the faculty of seeing the _Dracae_, when they
intermingle themselves with men.  Of this power she was, however,
deprived by the touch of her ghostly mistress, whom she had one day
incautiously addressed.  It is a curious fact that this story, in almost
all its parts, is current in both the Highlands and Lowlands of Scotland,
with no other variation than the substitution of Fairies for Dracae, and
the cavern of a hill for that of a river.  Indeed many of the vulgar
account it extremely dangerous to touch anything which they may happen to
find without saining (blessing) it, the snares of the enemy being
notorious and well-attested.  A pool-woman of Teviotdale having been
fortunate enough, as she thought herself, to find a wooden beetle, at the
very time when she needed such an implement, seized it without
pronouncing a proper blessing, and, carrying it home, laid it above her
bed to be ready for employment in the morning.  At midnight the window of
her cottage opened, and a loud voice was heard calling up some one within
by a strange and uncouth name.  The terrified cottager ejaculated a
prayer, which, we may suppose, ensured her personal safety; while the
enchanted implement of housewifery, tumbling from the bedstead, departed
by the window with no small noise and precipitation.  In a humorous
fugitive tract, Dr. Johnson has been introduced as disputing the
authenticity of an apparition, merely because the spirit assumed the
shape of a teapot and a shoulder of mutton.  No doubt, a case so much in
point as that we have now quoted would have removed his incredulity.




A SUCCINCT ACCOUNT
OF
MY LORD TARBAT'S RELATIONS,
IN A LETTER TO THE HONORABLE ROBERT BOYLE,
ESQUIRE, OF THE PREDICTIONS MADE BY
SEERS, WHEREOF HIMSELF WAS EAR-AND EYE-WITNESS.


Sir,--I heard very much, but believed very little of the second sight;
yet its being assumed by several of great veracity, I was induced to make
inquiry after it in the year 1652, being then confined in the north of
Scotland by the English usurpers.  The more general accounts of it were
that many Highlanders, yet far more Islanders, were qualified with this
second sight; and men, women, and children, indistinctly, were subject to
it, and children where parents were not.  Sometimes people came to age
who had it not when young, nor could any tell by what means produced.  It
is a trouble to most of them who are subject to it, and they would be rid
of it at any rate if they could.  The sight is of no long duration, only
continuing so long as they can keep their eyes steady without twinkling.
The hardy, therefore, fix their look that they may see the longer; but
the timorous see only glances--their eyes always twinkle at the first
sight of the object.  That which generally is seen by them are the
species of living creatures, and of inanimate things, which be in motion,
such as ships, and habits upon persons.  They never see the species of
any person who is already dead.  What they foresee fails not to exist in
the mode, and in that place where it appears to them.  They cannot well
know what space of time shall intervene between the apparition and the
real existence.  But some of the hardiest and longest experience have
some rules for conjectures; as, if they see a man with a shrouding sheet
in the apparition, they will conjecture at the nearness or remoteness of
his death by the more or less of his body that is covered by it.  They
will ordinarily see their absent friends, though at a great distance,
sometimes no less than from America to Scotland, sitting, standing, or
walking in some certain place; and then they conclude with an assurance
that they will see them so, and there.  If a man be in love with a woman,
they will ordinarily see the species of that man standing by her, and so
likewise if a woman be in love.  If they see the species of any person
who is sick to die, they see them covered over with the shrouding sheet.

These generals I had verified to me by such of them as did see, and were
esteemed honest and sober by all the neighbourhood; for I inquired after
such for my information.  And because there were more of these seers in
the isles of Lewis, Harris, and Uist than in any other place, I did
entreat Sir James M'Donald (who is now dead), Sir Normand M'Loud, and Mr.
Daniel Morison, a very honest person (who are still alive), to make
inquiry in this uncouth sight, and to acquaint me therewith; which they
did, and all found an agreement in these generals, and informed me of
many instances confirming what they said.  But though men of discretion
and honour, being but at second-hand, I will choose rather to put myself
than my friends on the hazard of being laughed at for incredible
relations.

I was once travelling in the Highlands, and a good number of servants
with me, as is usual there; and one of them, going a little before me,
entering into a house where I was to stay all night, and going hastily to
the door, he suddenly slipped back with a screech, and did fall by a
stone, which hit his foot.  I asked what the matter was, for he seemed to
be very much frighted.  He told me very seriously that I should not lodge
in that house, because shortly a dead coffin would be carried out of it,
for many were carrying of it when he was heard cry.  I, neglecting his
words, and staying there, he said to other of his servants he was sorry
for it, and that surely what he saw would shortly come to pass.  Though
no sick person was then there, yet the landlord, a healthy Highlander,
died of an apoplectic fit before I left the house.

In the year 1653 Alexander Monro (afterwards Lieutenant-Colonel to the
Earl of Dumbarton's regiment) and I were walking in a place called
Ullapool, in Loch Broom, on a little plain at the foot of a rugged hill.
There was a servant walking with a spade in the walk before us; his back
was to us, and his face to the hill.  Before we came to him he let the
spade fall, and looked toward the hill.  He took notice of us as we
passed near by him, which made me look at him, and perceiving him to
stare a little strangely I conjectured him to be a seer.  I called at
him, at which he started and smiled.  "What are you doing?" said I.  He
answered, "I have seen a very strange thing: an army of Englishmen,
leading of horses, coming down that hill; and a number of them are coming
down to the plain, and eating the barley which is growing in the field
near to the hill."  This was on the 4th May (for I noted the day), and it
was four or five days before the barley was sown in the field he spoke
of.  Alexander Monro asked him how he knew they were Englishmen.  He said
because they were leading of horses, and had on hats and boots, which he
knew no Scotchman would have there.  We took little notice of the whole
story as other than a foolish vision, but wished that an English party
were there, we being then at war with them, and the place almost
inaccessible for horsemen.  But in the beginning of August thereafter,
the Earl of Middleton (then Lieutenant for the King in the Highlands),
having occasion to march a party of his towards the South Highlands, he
sent his Foot through a place called Inverlawell; and the fore-party,
which was first down the hill, did fall off eating the barley which was
on the little plain under it.  And Monro calling to mind what the seer
told us in May preceding, he wrote of it, and sent an express to me to
Lochslin, in Ross (where I then was), with it.

I had occasion once to be in company where a young lady was (excuse my
not naming of persons), and I was told there was a notable seer in the
company.  I called him to speak with me, as I did ordinarily when I found
any of them; and after he had answered me several questions, I asked if
he knew any person to be in love with that lady.  He said he did, but he
knew not the person; for, during the two days he had been in her company,
he perceived one standing near her, and his head leaning on her shoulder,
which he said did foretell that the man should marry her, and die before
her, according to his observation.  This was in the year 1655.  I desired
him to describe the person, which he did, so that I could conjecture, by
the description, of such a one, who was of that lady's acquaintance,
though there were no thoughts of their marriage till two years
thereafter.  And having occasion in the year 1657 to find this seer, who
was an islander, in company with the other person whom I conjectured to
have been described by him, I called him aside, and asked if that was the
person he saw beside the lady near two years then past.  He said it was
he indeed, for he had seen that lady just then standing by him hand in
hand.  This was some few months before their marriage, and that man is
now dead, and the lady alive.

I shall trouble you but with one more, which I thought most remarkable of
any that occurred to me.

In January 1652, the above-mentioned Lieutenant, Colonel Alex. Monro, and
I, happened to be in the house of one William M'Clend, of Ferrinlea, in
the county of Ross.  He, the landlord, and I, were sitting in three
chairs near the fire, and in the corner of the great chimney there were
two islanders, who were that very night come to the house, and were
related to the landlord.  While the one of them was talking with Monro, I
perceived the other to look oddly toward me.  From this look, and his
being an islander, I conjectured him a seer, and asked him at what he
stared.  He answered by desiring me to rise from that chair, for it was
an unlucky one.  I asked him why?  He answered, because there was a dead
man in the chair next to me.  "Well," said I, "if it be in the next
chair, I may keep my own.  But what is the likeness of the man?"  He said
he was a tall man, with a long grey coat, booted, and one of his legs
hanging over the arm of the chair, and his head hanging dead to the other
side, and his arm backward, as if it was broken.  There were some English
troops then quartered near that place, and there being at that time a
great frost after a thaw, the country was covered all over with ice.  Four
or five of the English riding by this house some two hours after the
vision, while we were sitting by the fire, we heard a great noise, which
proved to be those troopers, with the help of other servants, carrying in
one of their number, who had got a very mischievous fall, and had his arm
broke; and falling frequently in swooning fits, they brought him into the
hall, and set him in the very chair, and in the very posture that the
seer had prophesied.  But the man did not die, though he recovered with
great difficulty.

Among the accounts given me by Sir Normand M'Loud, there was one worthy
of special notice, which was thus:--There was a gentleman in the Isle of
Harris, who was always seen by the seers with an arrow in his thigh.  Such
in the Isle who thought those prognostications infallible, did not doubt
but he would be shot in the thigh before he died.  Sir Normand told me
that he heard it the subject of their discourse for many years.  At last
he died without any such accident.  Sir Normand was at his burial at St.
Clement's Church in the Harris.  At the same time the corpse of another
gentleman was brought to be buried in the same very church.  The friends
on either side came to debate who should first enter the church, and, in
a trice, from words they came to blows.  One of the number (who was armed
with bow and arrows) let one fly among them.  (Now every family in that
Isle have their burial-place in the Church in stone chests, and the
bodies are carried in open biers to the burial-place.)  Sir Normand
having appeased the tumult, one of the arrows was found shot in the dead
man's thigh.  To this Sir Normand was a witness.

In the account which Mr. Daniel Morison, parson in the Lewis, gave me,
there was one, though it be heterogeneous from the subject, yet it may be
worth your notice.  It was of a young woman in this parish, who was
mightily frightened by seeing her own image still before her, always when
she came to the open air; the back of the image being always to her, so
that it was not a reflection as in a mirror, but the species of such a
body as her own, and in a very like habit which appeared to herself
continually before her.  The parson kept her a long while with him, but
had no remedy of her evil, which troubled her exceedingly.  I was told
afterwards that when she was four or five years older she saw it not.

These are matters of fact, which I assure you they are truly related.  But
these and all others that occurred to me, by information or otherwise,
could never lead me into a remote conjecture of the cause of so
extraordinary a phenomenon.  Whether it be a quality in the eyes of some
people in these parts, concurring with a quality in the air also; whether
such species be everywhere, though not seen by the want of eyes so
qualified, or from whatever other cause, I must leave to the inquiry of
clearer judgments than mine.  But a hint may be taken from this image
which appeared still to this woman above mentioned, and from another
mentioned by Aristotle, in the fourth of his Metaphysics (if I remember
right, for it is long since I read it), as also from the common opinion
that young infants (unsullied with many objects) do see apparitions which
were not seen by those of elder years; as likewise from this, that
several did see the second sight when in the Highlands or Isles, yet when
transported to live in other countries, especially in America, they quite
lose this quality, as was told me by a gentleman who knew some of them in
Barbadoes, who did see no vision there, although he knew them to be seers
when they lived in the Isles of Scotland.

_Thus far my Lord Tarbat_.




THE BOGLE.


This is a freakish spirit who delights rather to perplex and frighten
mankind than either to serve or seriously hurt them.  The _Esprit Follet_
of the French, Shakespeare's Puck, or Robin Goodfellow, and Shellycoat, a
spirit who resides in the waters, and has given his name to many a rock
and stone on the Scottish coast, belong to the class of bogles.  One of
Shellycoat's pranks is thus narrated:--Two men in a very dark night,
approaching the banks of the Ettrick, heard a doleful voice from its
waves repeatedly exclaim, "Lost! lost!"  They followed the sound, which
seemed to be the voice of a drowning person, and, to their astonishment,
found that it ascended the river; still they continued to follow the cry
of the malicious sprite, and, arriving before dawn at the very sources of
the river, the voice was now heard descending the opposite side of the
mountain in which they arise.  The fatigued and deluded travellers now
relinquished the pursuit, and had no sooner done so, than they heard
Shellycoat applauding, in loud bursts of laughter, his successful
roguery.




DAOINE SHIE, OR THE MEN OF PEACE.


They are, though not absolutely malevolent, believed to be a peevish,
repining, and envious race, who enjoy, in the subterranean recesses, a
kind of shadowy splendour.  The Highlanders are at all times unwilling to
speak of them, but especially on Friday, when their influence is supposed
to be particularly extensive.  As they are supposed to be invisibly
present, they are at all times to be spoken of with respect.  The fairies
of Scotland are represented as a diminutive race of beings, of a mixed or
rather dubious nature, capricious in their dispositions, and mischievous
in their resentment.  They inhabit the interior of green hills, chiefly
those of a conical form, in Gaelic termed _Sighan_, on which they lead
their dances by moonlight, impressing upon the surface the marks of
circles, which sometimes appear yellow and blasted, sometimes of a deep
green hue, and within which it is dangerous to sleep, or to be found
after sunset.  The removal of those large portions of turf, which
thunderbolts sometimes scoop out of the ground with singular regularity,
is also ascribed to their agency.  Cattle which are suddenly seized with
the cramp, or some similar disorder, are said to be elf-shot, and the
approved cure is to chafe the parts affected with a blue bonnet, which,
it may be readily believed, often restores the circulation.  The
triangular flints frequently found in Scotland, with which the ancient
inhabitants probably barbed their shafts, are supposed to be the weapons
of fairy resentment, and are termed elf arrowheads.  The rude brazen
battle-axes of the ancients, commonly called "celts," are also ascribed
to their manufacture.  But, like the Gothic duergar, their skill is not
confined to the fabrication of arms; for they are heard sedulously
hammering in linns, precipices, and rocky or cavernous situations, where,
like the dwarfs of the mines mentioned by George Agricola, they busy
themselves in imitating the actions and the various employments of men.
The Brook of Beaumont, for example, which passes in its course by
numerous linns and caverns, is notorious for being haunted by the
fairies; and the perforated and rounded stones which are formed by
trituration in its channels are termed by the vulgar fairy cups and
dishes.  A beautiful reason is assigned by Fletcher for the fays
frequenting streams and fountains.  He tells us of

   "A virtuous well, about whose flowery banks
   The nimble-footed fairies dance their rounds
   By the pale moonshine, dipping oftentimes
   Their stolen children, so to make them free
   From dying flesh and dull mortality."

It is sometimes accounted unlucky to pass such places without performing
some ceremony to avert the displeasure of the elves.  There is upon the
top of Minchmuir, a mountain in Peeblesshire, a spring called the Cheese
Well, because, anciently, those who passed that way were wont to throw
into it a piece of cheese as an offering to the fairies, to whom it was
consecrated.

Like the _feld elfen_ of the Saxons, the usual dress of the fairies is
green; though, on the moors, they have been sometimes observed in heath-
brown, or in weeds dyed with the stone-raw or lichen.  They often ride in
invisible procession, when their presence is discovered by the shrill
ringing of their bridles.  On these occasions they sometimes borrow
mortal steeds, and when such are found at morning, panting and fatigued
in their stalls, with their manes and tails dishevelled and entangled,
the grooms, I presume, often find this a convenient excuse for their
situation, as the common belief of the elves quaffing the choicest
liquors in the cellars of the rich might occasionally cloak the
delinquencies of an unfaithful butler.

The fairies, besides their equestrian processions, are addicted, it would
seem, to the pleasures of the chase.  A young sailor, travelling by night
from Douglas, in the Isle of Man, to visit his sister residing in Kirk
Merlugh, heard a noise of horses, the holloa of a huntsman, and the sound
of a horn.  Immediately afterwards, thirteen horsemen, dressed in green,
and gallantly mounted, swept past him.  Jack was so much delighted with
the sport that he followed them, and enjoyed the sound of the horn for
some miles, and it was not till he arrived at his sister's house that he
learned the danger which he had incurred.  I must not omit to mention
that these little personages are expert jockeys, and scorn to ride the
little Manx ponies, though apparently well suited to their size.  The
exercise, therefore, falls heavily upon the English and Irish horses
brought into the Isle of Man.  Mr. Waldron was assured by a gentleman of
Ballafletcher that he had lost three or four capital hunters by these
nocturnal excursions.  From the same author we learn that the fairies
sometimes take more legitimate modes of procuring horses.  A person of
the utmost integrity informed him that, having occasion to sell a horse,
he was accosted among the mountains by a little gentleman plainly
dressed, who priced his horse, cheapened him, and, after some chaffering,
finally purchased him.  No sooner had the buyer mounted and paid the
price than he sank through the earth, horse and man, to the astonishment
and terror of the seller, who, experienced, however, no inconvenience
from dealing with so extraordinary a purchaser.




THE DEATH "BREE."


There was once a woman, who lived in the Camp-del-more of Strathavon,
whose cattle were seized with a murrain, or some such fell disease, which
ravaged the neighbourhood at the time, carrying off great numbers of them
daily.  All the forlorn fires and hallowed waters failed of their
customary effects; and she was at length told by the wise people, whom
she consulted on the occasion, that it was evidently the effect of some
infernal agency, the power of which could not be destroyed by any other
means than the never-failing specific--the juice of a dead head from the
churchyard,--a nostrum certainly very difficult to be procured,
considering that the head must needs be abstracted from the grave at the
hour of midnight.  Being, however, a woman of a stout heart and strong
faith, native feelings of delicacy towards the sanctuary of the dead had
more weight than had fear in restraining her for some time from resorting
to this desperate remedy.  At length, seeing that her stock would soon be
annihilated by the destructive career of the disease, the wife of Camp-
del-more resolved to put the experiment in practice, whatever the result
might be.  Accordingly, having with considerable difficulty engaged a
neighbouring woman as her companion in this hazardous expedition, they
set out a little before midnight for the parish churchyard, distant about
a mile and a half from her residence, to execute her determination.  On
arriving at the churchyard her companion, whose courage was not so
notable, appalled by the gloomy prospect before her, refused to enter
among the habitations of the dead.  She, however, agreed to remain at the
gate till her friend's business was accomplished.  This circumstance,
however, did not stagger the wife's resolution.  She, with the greatest
coolness and intrepidity, proceeded towards what she supposed an old
grave, took down her spade, and commenced her operations.  After a good
deal of toil she arrived at the object of her labour.  Raising the first
head, or rather skull, that came in her way, she was about to make it her
own property, when a hollow, wild, sepulchral voice exclaimed, "That is
my head; let it alone!"  Not wishing to dispute the claimant's title to
this head, and supposing she could be otherwise provided, she very good-
naturedly returned it and took up another.  "That is my father's head,"
bellowed the same voice.  Wishing, if possible, to avoid disputes, the
wife of Camp-del-more took up another head, when the same voice instantly
started a claim to it as his grandfather's head.  "Well," replied the
wife, nettled at her disappointments, "although it were your
grandmother's head, you shan't get it till I am done with it."  "What do
you say, you limmer?" says the ghost, starting up in his awry
habiliments.  "What do you say, you limmer?" repeated he in a great rage.
"By the great oath, you had better leave my grandfather's head."  Upon
matters coming this length, the wily wife of Camp-del-more thought it
proper to assume a more conciliatory aspect.  Telling the claimant the
whole particulars of the predicament in which she was placed, she
promised faithfully that if his honour would only allow her to carry off
his grandfather's skull or head in a peaceable manner, she would restore
it again when done with.  Here, after some communing, they came to an
understanding; and she was allowed to take the head along with her, on
condition that she should restore it before cock-crowing, under the
heaviest penalties.

On coming out of the churchyard and looking for her companion, she had
the mortification to find her "without a mouthful of breath in her body";
for, on hearing the dispute between her friend and the guardian of the
grave, and suspecting much that she was likely to share the unpleasant
punishments with which he threatened her friend, at the bare recital of
them she fell down in a faint, from which it was no easy matter to
recover her.  This proved no small inconvenience to Camp-del-more's wife,
as there were not above two hours to elapse ere she had to return the
head according to the terms of her agreement.  Taking her friend upon her
back, she carried her up a steep acclivity to the nearest adjoining
house, where she left her for the night; then repaired home with the
utmost speed, made _dead bree_ of the head ere the appointed time had
expired, restored the skull to its guardian, and placed the grave in its
former condition.  It is needless to add that, as a reward for her
exemplary courage, the "_bree_" had its desired effect.  The cattle
speedily recovered, and, so long as she retained any of it, all sorts of
diseases were of short duration.



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